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rock testing
EAG 442
By: Dr Mohd Ashraf Mohamad Ismail
Table of content
Laboratory test
Simple index test
In-situ test
Table of content
Laboratory test
Simple index test
In-situ test
Index properties
Density
Porosity
Permeability
Strength
Durability
Sonic velocity
Index properties
Density
Porosity
Permeability
Strength
Durability
Sonic velocity
Laboratory test
Uniaxial compressive test (UCS)
Load
Before failure
Rock sample
coring
Rock sample
cutting
Laboratory test
Uniaxial compressive test (UCS)
P (Failure load)
c
A (Specimen cross sectional area)
No. Diameter (m) Height (m) Load (kN) Uniaxial compressive strength (MPa)
1 0.05 0.1 48.446 24.67
2 0.05 0.1 50.566 25.75
3 0.05 0.1 52.746 26.86
Average 25.76
Laboratory test
Point load test Load
Before failure
Before failure
Block test
P (Failure load)
Is 2
D (Equivalent core diameter)
Table 4: Field estimates of intact rock based on Uniaxial compressive strength and
point load index (Marinos and Hoek, 2000)
G Term UCS PLI Field estimate of strength Examples
(MPa) (MPa)
Extremely Specimen can only be chipped with a geological hammer Fresh basalt, chert, diabase,
R6 >250 >10 gneiss, granite, quartzite
strong
Specimens requires many blows of a geological hammer Amphibolite, sandstone,
to fracture it basalt, gabbro, gneiss,
R5 Very strong 100-250 4-10
granodiorite, peridotite,
rhyolite, tuff
Specimen requires more than one blow of a geological Limestone, marble,
R4 Strong 50-100 2-4 hammer to fracture it sandstone, schist
Cannot be scraped or peeled with a pocket knife, Concrete, phyllite, schist,
Medium specimen can be fractured with a single blow from a siltstone
R3 25-50 1-2
strong geological hammer
Can be peeled with a pocket knife with difficulty, Chalk, claystone, potash,
R2 Weak 5-25 ** shallow indentation made by firm blow with point of marl, siltstone, shale, rocksalt
geological hammer
Crumbles under firm blows with point of a geological Highly weathered or altered
R1 Very weak 1-5 ** hammer, can be peeled by a pocket knife rock, shale
Extremely Indented by thumbnail Stiff fault gouge
R0 0.25-1 **
weak
**Point load tests on rocks with Uniaxial compressive strength below 25 MPa are likely to
yield highly ambiguous results
Correlation between UCS and PL
UCS p 24I s50
c
A
2 100
Fracture spacing (m)
0.6 90
RQD (%)
0.2 75
0.06 25
0.02 0
0.1 0.3 1 3 10
Point Load Index (MPa)
Laboratory test
Triaxial test
Before failure
Ultrasonic test
Table : typical values of longitudinal waves for rocks (Fourmaintraux, 1976)
Rock Longitudinal waves (m/s)
Gabbro 7000
Basalt 6500-7000
Limestone 6000-6500
Dolomite 6500-7000
Sandstone and quartize 6000
Granitic rocks 5500-6000
Laboratory test
Portable direct shear test
Laboratory test
Simple index test
In-situ test
Index test
BANG!!
attachment
Schmidt test hammer for
rock
Non-destructive inspection
Rebound number & rock properties
deformability
Laboratory test
Simple index test
In-situ test
In-situ test
Plate bearing test – in-situ deformability of
rock mass
Fixed point
Stiff plate
Jack
fixed line
loading
Result of Plate bearing Test
段階荷重1 段階荷重2 段階荷重3 最大荷重1 最大荷重2 最大荷重3
70.0
60.0
[kgf/m 2]
50.0
応力[kgf/cm2
]
40.0
Stress
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0
Displacement
変位[mm]
[mm]
Interpretation of Displacement
Elastic disp.
of discontinuity
Deformability:
discontinuity (Plastic disp.+ Elastic disp.)+intact rock (Elastic disp.)
Elasticity:
discontinuity (Elastic disp.)+intact rock (Elastic disp.)
Pressuremeter Test
Dilatometer Goodman Jack
pump
monitor cable
battery
probe
rubber tube
In-situ Rock Triaxial Test
In situ shearing test
Normal
load
Normal Shear
load load
Shear
load
In situ shearing test
Result of in situ shearing test
Shear
stress f
Friction
angle
Cohesion
Normal stress
Borehole hammer
cable
control
battery
probe
hammer
Borehole hammer
BANG!!
Electromagnetic
hammer
Borehole hammer - Principle
behavior
uniform motion
1 contact
decrease in velocity
velocity
2 stop
1 2 3
increase in velocity
accereration
3 departure
velosity
1 2 3 hight 1 2 3
accele-
ration
width
time time
Definition of Response Value
PMAX
Response value R=
W V0
velocity
initial V0
time
Pulse width W
Thank you very much