PLASTIC MATERIALS

The modern plastic industry mainly deals with

mouldable material

The term “Plastics” is applied to any organic substance of

high molecular weight, which can be formed to desired
shape by moulding, casting, etc, and can be retained
its shape, dimension and quality under ordinary condition
of temperature and are technically known as
macromolecules or “polymers”.

The term “Plastic” is derived from the Greek word “Plasticos”

means “to form”.

In modern definition especially in relation to industry excludes

natural rubber and other natural products like wood, leather etc.

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PLASTIC MATERIALS
PLASTICS 20th CENTURY

1908-Phenolic(Backlite)

1931-Acrylics

1938-Nylon

1959-Polycarbonate

1970-Engineering Plastics

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 PLASTIC MATERIALS
What is a polymer ?
Substance in which molecules form long chains usually
several thousands of atoms together starting from a single
molecule.
Single molecule is called Monomer

MONOMER IS THE START MATERIAL

EXAMPLE :
ETHYLENE,PROPYLENE,VINYL CHLORIDE

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 PLASTIC MATERIALS

A MONOMER ON POLYMERIZATION BECOME A POLYMER. THUS,

Ethylene Poly ethylene

Propylene Poly propylene

Polymerization : is the process of combining molecules of start

material (monomer) in to a long chain under favorable
conditions Of heat, pressure and catalyst
(A Macro molecule, a polymer).

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 PLASTIC MATERIALS
Basically, all polymers are formed by the creation of

chemical linkages between monomers. The linkages are

formed by either one or a combination of two types of

reactions namely addition and condensation reactions.

Nature
The behaviour and structure of the polymers are
based both on the chemical nature and the way in
which the chains fit together.

5
 PLASTIC MATERIALS
Advantages over Metal

•Low weight

•Easy time saving & labour saving

•Good erosion & corrosion resistance

•Good electrical properties

•Good insulation properties

•Good surface properties

•Available in syrup and liquid form

6
 PLASTIC MATERIALS
Advantages over Metal

•Good economical for production

•Plastics are reusable

•Plastics have good optical properties

•Plastics are available in many colours by adding pigments

•Any complex profile and shape can be made out of plastics.

•Plastic products are cheaper

7
 PLASTIC MATERIALS
Disadvantages over Metal

•Low strength

•Low heat resistance

•Not dimensionally stable for a long period

•Resistance to aging is poor

•After rework, original surface finish can not be achieved

•Plastic parts are difficult to repair, sometimes impossible

•Poor mechanical properties

•Destruction of plastic is very difficult.

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 PLASTIC MATERIALS
Types of Plastics

Broadly classified in to three groups

•Natural plastics -Milk of Rubber tree , Cellulose( No use as it is )

•Semi-Synthetic plastics -processed Milk of rubber tree(rubber sheet)

•Synthetic plastics - Lab made products (compared with Rasna-Pinapple essence

The origin of synthetic plastics are petroleum, coal tar,
carbon monoxide, hydrochloric acid, organic carbon
compounds, gaseous ethylene, flour spar etc

Divided in to two groups based on Chemical behavior and

by the way it reacts with heat

•Thermoplastic

•Thermoset plastics
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 PLASTIC MATERIALS
Thermoplastics

A thermoplastic consists of long, linear molecules each of

which may side-chains or groups (i.e. branched are present in
the molecules but are not cross linked).

When heated the individual chain slips causing plastic flow.

Thus they can be repeatedly melted and reshaped by heating
and cooling so that any scrap generated can be reused. No
chemical change occurs during the deformation but it burned
some degree.

ALL PLASTICS ARE SYNTHETIC POLYMER PRODUCTS

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 PLASTIC MATERIALS
Thermoplastics can be again classifieds as
commodity and engineering plastics

The commodity plastics are used where in no-load or

very low load applications, while the engineering plastics can be
designed to carry loads for a long period of time

Commodity plastics can be again classified as polyolefin,

styrene, vinyl, others.

Polyolefin family contains polyethylene (PE),

polypropylene (PP), polybutylene (PB) etc.

Styrene family contains polystyrene (PS), styrene-acryonitrile (SAN),

styrene-butadiene (SB), acryonitrile- butadiene -styrene- (ABS) etc.

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 PLASTIC MATERIALS

Vinyl family consists of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated polyvinyl

chloride (CPVC),

Other commodity thermoplastic contains polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA),

cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate etc.

Engineering plastics contains acetals, fluoro-plastics, polyamides (nylons),

polyamide-imide, polyarylates, polycarbonates, polyesters, polyketones,
polyphenyleneoxide, polyphenylenesulfide and sulfone etc.

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 PLASTIC MATERIALS
According to structure

Crystalline

Molecules packed closer together and align themselves in

some orderly pattern. During processing they tend to develop
higher strength in the direction of the molecules

Since commercially perfect crystalline polymers are not produced

they are identified technically as semi- crystalline thermoplastics.
A crystalline area is stiffer and stronger. It is difficult to process
crystalline materials due to high melt temperature, melt viscosity,
shrinkage.

E.g. for crystalline

PP, PE, Nylon

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 PLASTIC MATERIALS

Amorphous
They are having molecules going in all different directions are normally
transparent. They will under go small volumetric changes when on processing.
They are tougher and more flexible.

They will often soften gradually as they are heated but they do not flow easily.
Therefore it is easy to process amorphous plastic.
A crystalline plastic is heated to a particular temperature and sudden
quenching give amorphous structure.

E.g. for Amorphous

ABS, PMMA, PC, PS, PVC

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 PLASTIC MATERIALS
PROPERTIES

Crystalline Amorphous

Fibers Elastomers

Crystalline Amorphous

Plastics Plastics

Good mechanical Week mechanical

properties properties

Tough Brittle

Opaque Transparent

Min.shrinkage Max. shrinkage

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 PLASTIC MATERIALS
Difference between thermoplastics & thermoset plastics

Thermoplastics Thermoset plastics

• Can be softened and re-
softened and reused
• No chemical changes take
place during heating and
melting and pressurizing
• In granular form generally
• Needle like structure of
molecules
• Rigid but effected by further
heating
• Hard but not brittle.
• Cannot be re-softened and
reused
• Chemical changes take place
during heating , melting and
pressurizing
• Usually in powder form
• Cross linked chain molecules
• Rigid and unaffected by further
heating
• Hard and brittle

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 PLASTIC MATERIALS
Flow Ratio

Defined as the ratio of the largest flow paths to the

thickness of the moulding under optimum moulding condition

Express the flow behaviour of the material inside the mould

Higher the flow ratio, higher the temperature required

to obtain fast mould filling

Maximum obtainable flow ratio varies with

different grades of plastics.

It depends on MFI

It is also defined as Flow length to thickness ratio or L/T ratio

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 PLASTIC MATERIALS
Melt Flow Index

It indicates the flow capacity of the different grades

of thermoplastic material

It is expressed as the amount of material extruded in

ten minutes through an orifice of standard dimensions
under a standard load at a particular temperature

It is inversely related to the molecular weight

Higher MFI will flow faster while comparing low MFI

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 PLASTIC MATERIALS
Different types of material
Around 150 plastics and its different grades are available in the world
market of which some commonly used thermoplastic materials are given below
ABS -ArylonitrileButadieneStyrene PMMA - Polymethylmethacrylate

CA -Cellulose Acetate (Perspex) POM -Polyoxymethylene (Delrin)

HDPE -High Density Polyethylene POLYESTER -Polyester

LDPE - Low Density Polyethylene PP - Polypropylene

IONOMER - Ionomer PS -Polystyrene

PA -Polyamide (Nylon) PTFE -Teflon (Polytetrafluroethylene)

PC -Polycarbonate PVC -Polyvinyl Chloride

PEEK - Polyetheretherketone PUR - Polyurethane

PET - Polyethylene Teraphthalite SAN -Styrene Acrylonitrile 19

 PLASTIC MATERIALS

Sl. no Name of plastic Chief Properties Applications

Acrylo Nitrile Translucent, tough, Low Safety helmets,
Butadiene Styrene temp.,Low creep automotive instrumental
1
resistance, Good Gloss & panels and other interior
(A.B.S.) Aberation resistant,Low components, pipe fittings,
Density = 1.05 gm./cc water Absorbent,Good hole security devices and
Shrinkage =0.5 % Electrical resistant. It can housings for small
A general purpose be electroplated appliance, heavy duty
material. domestic appliance and
fittings, cabinet for radio,
TV, typewriter,
communication
equipment, business
machines, automobile
grills, wheel covers,
mirror housings,
refrigeration liners,
luggage shells, boat hull,
and so on.
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 PLASTIC MATERIALS
Sl. no Name of plastic
Cellulose polymers
(CA)
2
Density = 1.3 gm./cc
Shrinkage =0.3 – 0.8 %
Cellulose is a starch. It is
one of the main structural
polymers in plant(specially
that of wood or cotton).
These natural fibers are
treated with acids to
produce a resin, a process
called esterfication.
Cellulose acetate(Perspex),
Cellulose acetate butyrate
(CAB) and Cellulose
acetate propionate(CAP)
are three common material
Chief Properties Applications
CA combines toughness, Tool handles, panels
transparency and a for illuminated signs,
natural surface texture. steering wheels,
Some cellulose resins bathroom fittings,
are biodegradable decorative trim for cars
allowing their use for and consumer
envelops with durables, drawing
transparent widows that stencils, pens, blister
can be disposed of as if packing, laminating
they were paper alone. with aluminum foil,
spectacle frame,
goggles, covers for TV
screens, cutlery
handles.
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 PLASTIC MATERIALS
Sl. no Name of plastic
High Density
3 Polyethylene
(HDPE)
Density = 0.95 gm./cc
Shrinkage HDPE= 3.0 –
4.0%
One of the group in
Polyethylene, first
synthesized in 1933, looks
like the simplest of
molecules, but the number
of ways in which the PE
units can be linked in large.
It is the first of the
polyolefin, the bulk
thermoplastic polymers that
account for a dominant
fraction of all polymer
consumptions.
Chief Properties Applications
Higher density, rigidity, The property of high
tensile strength and stiffness combined with
hardness. Higher high impact strength
chemical resistance and low weight makes
while comparing LDPE. it popular material for
Extremely resistant to moulding articles like
fresh and salt water, milk bottle crates, fish
food, and most water- boxes, containers used
based solutions. Very for refrigeration and
cheap and particularly transport. Pipes from
easy to mould and dia 25mm to 800mm
fabricate. Accepts a wide for carrying water and
range of colours, can be chemicals, packing
transparent , films, woven sacks,
translucent or opaque, monofilament for
fishing nets, rope, cane
for furniture, coating on
paper etc.
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 PLASTIC MATERIALS
Sl. no Name of plastic
Low Density
Polyethylene
4
(LDPE)
Density = 0.92 gm./cc
Shrinkage LDPE= 0.8 –
1.5%
One of the group in
Polyethylene, first
synthesized in 1933, looks
like the simplest of
molecules, but the number
of ways in which the PE
units can be linked in large.
It is the first of the
polyolefin, the bulk
thermoplastic polymers that
account for a dominant
fraction of all polymer
consumptions..
Chief Properties Applications
Crystalline and not Shopping baskets,
available in transparent. waste paper baskets,
Tough and moderate artificial flowers and
tensile strength. It can fruits, hair brushes,
be coloured. Oxidation and blow moulded
occurs when overheated components, pipes up
in barrel. So necessary to 150mm diameter for
to add antioxidants. transporting water,
packaging films,
coating paper, textiles
etc. Linear LDPE is
used for overhead
water tanks.
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 PLASTIC MATERIALS
Sl. no Name of plastic Chief Properties Applications
Ionomer High strength, good Food packaging,
(I) adhesion and chemical athletic soles with
5
stability. It is highly metal inserts, ski
Density = gm./cc
transparent particularly boots, ice skate shells,
Shrinkage =0.2 – 0.8% resistant to wrestling mats, thermal
Introduced by Dupont in pipe insulations,
1964, Ionomers are flexible license plate holder,
thermoplastics but they golf ball covers,
have ionic cross-links, from automotive bumpers,
which they derived their snack food packaging,
name. Their thermoplastic blister packs, bottles.
character allows them to be
processed by blow
moulding injection moulding
rotational moulding and
thermoforming. But cooled
below 40o C, they acquire
the characteristics of
thermoset
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 PLASTIC MATERIALS
Sl. no Name of plastic Chief Properties
Nylon (Polyamide) Tough and can withstand
(PA) repeated impacts. High
6
rigidity whose properties
Density = 1.1 gm./cc
can be increased by
Shrinkage =0.7-1.5% glass reinforcement.
Nylon is a general Excellent abrasion
term for polyamides resistance and
exceptionally low co-
efficient of friction. High
chemical resistance and
high temperature
resistance. It can be
machined. Partially
crystalline, therefore
cloudy or white and not
transparent.
Applications
Light duty gears,
bushings, sprockets and
bearings, electrical
equipment housings,
lenses, containers, tanks,
tubing, furniture casters,
plumbing connections,
bicycle wheel covers,
ketchup bottles, chairs,
toothbrush bristles,
handles, food packaging,
hot melt adhesives for
book binding, ropes,
fishing nets, carpeting,
cables, protective
clothing, electrical
insulations.
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 PLASTIC MATERIALS

Sl. no Name of plastic Chief Properties Applications

Polycarbonate Optical transparency
(PC) and good toughness and
7
rigidity, even at relatively
Density = 1.2gm./cc
high temperatures.It is
Shrinkage =0.5-0.7% possible to co-polymerize
PC is one of the the molecules with other
engineering monomers to improve the
thermoplastics, flame retardency,
meaning that they refractive index and
have better resistance to softening,
mechanical properties reinforce the PC with
than the cheaper glass fibers to give better
commodity polymers. mechanical properties at
high temperatures. Can
be electroplated.
Safety shields and
goggles, lenses, glazing
panels, business
machine housings,
instrument casings,
lighting fittings, safety
helmets, electrical
switchgears, laminated
sheet foe bullet-proof
glazing, twin-walled
glazing, kitchenware and
tableware, microwave
cookware,
medical(sterilisable)
components.

26
 PLASTIC MATERIALS

Sl. no Name of plastic Chief Properties Applications

Polyetherether Among thermoplastics it Electrical connectors, hot
ketone has exceptionally high water meters, F1 engine
8
(PEEK) stiffness, strength and components, valve and
resistance to heat bearing components, wire
Density = 1.26 to 1.32 and cable coatings, film
gm./cc and filament for
Shrinkage =% specialized applications,
A high performance pump wear rings,
thermoplastic. The bearings bushings.
cost is 50 times more
expensive than PP
and 10 to 20 times
more than nylon. This
limits it use to
applications in which
technical performance

27
 PLASTIC MATERIALS

Sl. no Name of plastic Chief Properties Applications

Polyethylene Good mechanical Electrical fittings and
Teraphalate properties to temperature connectors, blow
9
(PET) as high as 175o C. Pet is moulded bottles,
crystal clear, impervious packaging films,
Density =1.38 gm./cc films,photographic & x-
to water and carbon
Shrinkage =% dioxide, but little oxygen ray films, audio/video
The name polyester get through. It is tough, tapes, industrial
derives from a strong, easy to shape, strapping, drawing office
combination of join and sterilize – transparencies,
polymerization and allowing reuse. When its metallized balloons,
esterification. first life comes to an end, photography tapes,
Saturated polyesters it can be recycled to give videotapes, carbonated
are thermoplastics – fibers and fleece drink containers, oven-
examples are PET & materials for clothing and proof cookware, credit
PBT carpet cards

28
 PLASTIC MATERIALS
Sl. no Name of plastic Chief Properties Applications
Polymethyl Best transparency and Lenses of all types,
methacrylate optical properties. cockpit canopies and
10
(PMMA - Acrylic) Colourless with 92% light aircraft windows, signs,
transmition. Exceptional domestic baths,
Density = 1.18 gm./cc packaging, containers,
resistant to sunlight and
Shrinkage =0.2-0.8% outdoor exposure and electrical components,
when you think of ultra violet radiation. drafting equipments, tool
PMMA, think Unaffected by human handles, automotive tail
transparency. This is tissues lights, chairs, contact
a family of acrylic lenses, advertising signs,
group. compact discs.

29
 PLASTIC MATERIALS
Sl. no Name of plastic
Polyoxymethylene
(POM – Acetal)
11
Density = 1.42gm./cc
Shrinkage =%
POM was first marketed
by DuPoint in 1959 as
DELDRIN. It is rarely used
without modification. Most
often filled with glass fibre
or blended with PTFE or
PU. It is used where
requirement for good
mouldability , fatigue
resistance and stiffness
justify its high price
relative to PE
Chief Properties Applications
Stiffer and has better Seat-belt
fatigue and water components,steering
resistance. POM/PU columns, window support
blend has good brackets, shower heads,
toughness. faucet cartridge and various
Costlier than PE fittings, quality toys, garden
sprayers, stereo cassette
tarts, zippers, telephone
components, couplings,
pump impellers, conveyor
plates, gears, sprockets,
springs, cams, bushings,
clips, door handles, watch
components, mechanical
pen and pencil parts, milk
pumps, food conveyor, TV
tuner arms, automotive
under hood components.
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 PLASTIC MATERIALS
Sl. no Name of plastic Chief Properties Applications

Polyester Highly crystalline with Gears, bearings, housing

a melting point near for pumps and appliance ,
12 Density = gm./cc
225oC. Hard and impellers, pulleys, switch
Shrinkage =% strong and extremely parts, packaging materials,
It is available in both tough. High blow moulded bottles, etc
thermoplastics and resistance to
thermoset. The abrasion and low
thermoplastic polyester coefficient of friction.
have wide popularity and It can be reinforced
application especially in with glass fiber. It can
electronic, audio-video, be extruded, injection
blown bottles and moulded or even
photographic field. blow moulded.
Thermoset and
thermoplastic polyester is
generally known as
unsaturated and saturated
polyester respectively.

31
 PLASTIC MATERIALS
Sl. no Name of plastic Chief Properties Applications

Polypropylene Flammable and Ropes, general polymer

(PP) degradable in engineering, automobile air
13 sunlight. Fire ducting, parcel shelving and
Density = 0.91 gm./cc retardants make it air cleaners, garden
Shrinkage =1.0 – 3.0% slow to burn and furniture, washing machine
First produced stabilizers give it tanks, wet-cell battery
commercially in 1958. A extreme stability, cases, pipes and pipe
very similar molecules both to UV radiation fittings, bear bottle, crates,
with similar price, and to fresh and slat cable insulations, kitchen
processing methods and water and most kettles, car bumpers,
application as aqueous solutions. shatter proof glasses,
polyethylene. It is suitcases, thermal
produced in large underwear.
quantities(more than 10
million tones per year I
2000 and 10% increase in
every year.

32
 PLASTIC MATERIALS

Sl. no Name of plastic Chief Properties Applications

The single largest use of
Polystyrene It is an optically clear,
PS is form packaging.
(PS) cheap, easily
14 Other ruses includes
moulded(formed) polymer.
Density = 1.05 gm./cc toys, light diffusers,
In its simplest form, PS is
Shrinkage =0.2-0.8% beakers, cutlery, general
brittle. It’s mechanical
household appliances,
properties are dramatically
video/audio cassette
improved by blending with
cases, electronic
polybutadiene, but with a
housings, refrigerator
loss of optical transparency.
liners.
High impact PS(10%
polybutadiene) is much
stronger even at low
temperature( as low as –
12oC.

33
 PLASTIC MATERIALS
Sl. no Name of plastic
Polytetrafloroethylene
(PTFE)
15
Density =2.15 gm./cc
Shrinkage =5.0 - 10%
It is called Teflon and a
member of the fluroplastic
family. As cost is very high,
it is used in high-value
applications.
Chief Properties Applications
Exceptionally low Wire and cable covers,
friction, water repellant high quality insulating
and extremely stable. tapes, corrosion
Very much chemical resistant lining for pipes
inert and best thermal and valves, protective
stability and non- clothing, seas and
wettability- means gaskets, low friction
nothing sticks to it. bearings, transparent
roofing, non-stick
cooking products, water
repellent fabrics.
34
 PLASTIC MATERIALS

Sl. no Name of plastic Chief Properties Applications

Poly vinyl chloride Rigid and not very Pipes, fittings, road
(PVC) tough, very low cost , signs, cosmetic
16
incorporating packaging, garden
Density = 1.2gm./cc
plastisicers creates hoses, vinyl flooring,
Shrinkage Flexi=1.5-3.0% flexible PVC a material windows, vinyl records,
Rigid=0.2-0.4% with leather-like or dolls, medical tubes,
One of the cheapest , rubber-like properties blood storage bags,
most versatile and with and used a substitute artificial leather, wire
polyethylene – the most for both. insulation, film, sheet,
widely used polymer and Reinforcement with fabrics, car upholstery.
epitomizes their multi glass fibers gives a
facetted character material that is
sufficiently stiff, strong
and light weight
structural panels

35
 PLASTIC MATERIALS
Sl. no Name of plastic Chief Properties Applications
Polyurethane Very tough, extremely Used for PUR springs.
(PUR) abrasion resistant. Used for making forms.
17
Posses good electrical
Density = gm./cc
properties and
Shrinkage =0.8-1.0% chemical resistance. It
can be made in solid
moulding or flexible
forms.

Sl. no Name of plastic Chief Properties Applications

Styrene Acrylonitrile Excellent resistance to acids, Used for cups,
(SAN) alkalis, salts and dilute tumblers, dishes,
18 alcohol. Good resistance to trays, picnic wares,
Density = 1.08gm./cc
many foods and oils, cosmetics and
Shrinkage =0.2 – 0.6% gasoline, cleaning agents, other packaging
Copolymer of styrene detergents, cosmetic cream items.
and acrylonitrile exhibits and lotion. Higher tensile
most of the properties of strength and better stress
polystyrene . corrosion resistance and
heat resistance.
36
 PLASTIC MATERIALS
Thermosets

A thermoset are resin that under go chemical change called curing

during processing to form cross-linked structure and become
permanently insoluble and infusible.

Advantages for thermosets are high thermal stability, resistance to creep and
deformation under load, high dimensionally stability, high rigidity , hardness,
light weight ,excellent electrical insulating properties, low cost etc.

37
 THERMOSET MATERIAL
Properties:

• High thermal stability

• Resistance to creep

• Resistance to deformation under load

• High dimensional stability

• High rigidity and hardness

• Light weight

• High electrical insulation properties

38
 THERMOSET MATERIAL
Moulding compound consists of two ingredients

1. A resin system: Generally contains such components as curing agents,

hardness inhibitors and plasticizers.

This effects on
-determining cost to a great extend
-dimensional stability
-electrical quality
-heat resistance
-chemical resistance
-decorative possibilities
-flammability
39
 THERMOSET MATERIAL

2 Filler and or Reinforcements: consists of mineral or organic

particles, inorganic/organic fiber or chopped cloth/paper..

This effects on
-more strength
-more toughness
-all the properties that resin system gives in varying degrees.

40
 PLASTIC MATERIALS
Different types of Thermoset material

Alkyds, - Alkyds

Allelic - DAP (Diallylphthalate)

Epoxy - Epoxy

Urea - UF (Urea formaldehyde)

Phenolics - PF (Phenol formaldehyde – Bakelite)

Melamine - MF ( melamine formaldehyde)

Polyesters - Polyester

Silicones, - SMC (silicon moulding compounds)

Urethanes.- urethane
41
 PLASTIC MATERIALS

Sl. Chief Properties Applications

Name of plastic
no
1 •primarily an electrical material. •in circuit breaker
Alkyds •cost less insulation
•posses good insulating •capacitor and
properties resistor
•excellent mouldability encapsulation
•short cure time •cases
•require low pressure. •housing and switch
•general grade normally mineral gear components
filled.
•compounds filled with glass or
synthetic fiber improve
mechanical strength.

42
 PLASTIC MATERIALS
Sl. Applications
Name of plastic Chief Properties
no
2 •Relatively costlier •in circuit breaker
Allylics
•Posses excellent
(DAP) dimensional stability insulation
DiallylPhthalate •High insulation resistance •electronic component
•Can withstand temp. of
1500C to 1700C encapsulation
•Reinforced with glass
asbestos, acrylic and
polyester fibers

43
 PLASTIC MATERIALS
Sl. Applications
Name of plastic Chief Properties
no
3 Epoxies •Excellent electrical •in aircraft components
properties •filament wound rocket motors.

•Excellent dimensional •casing for missiles

stability •pipes, tanks, pressure vessels

•jigs and fixtures.
•High strength and
•used in encapsulation of
moisture absorption
various electrical and electronic
components.

44
 PLASTIC MATERIALS

Sl. Applications
Name of plastic Chief Properties
no
4 •Excellent colourability •Lighting fixtures
Ureas
•
(Urea Formaldehyde)
•Moderately good strength •Wiring devices
•
•Low strength •buttons
•
•Poor dimensional stability
•
•Poor impact strength

45
 PLASTIC MATERIALS

Sl. Applications
Name of plastic Chief Properties
no
5 •Lower in cost •moulding wiring
Phinolics devices
(Phenol •Posses good electrical
Formaldehyde) properties •moulding switch
Bakelite gears, relay
•Excellent heat resistance
system,
•Good mechanical connectors
properties
•Excellent mouldability
•Can be used at temp. up
to 1500C

46
 PLASTIC MATERIALS

Sl. Chief Properties Applications

Name of plastic
no
6 •Posses extreme •dishes and
Melamine other house
(Melamine hardness ware articles
Formaldehyde)
•Excellent and permanent
•electrical item
colourability manufacturing

•Arc resistance

•Non-cracking
characteristics

•Self extinguishing.

47
 PLASTIC MATERIALS

Sl. Chief Properties Applications

Name of plastic
no
7 •Can be formulated to be •as liquid resin
Polyester for casting
brittle and hard, tough and furniture parts
resilient or soft and flexible
•Polyester
•Exhibit excellent glasses are
used for
mechanical properties
automobile body
when reinforced with glass parts, boat hulls,
building panels.
fibre

•High chemical resistance.

48