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1 1 B1 B2
A1 A2 A3 0.7
0.5
0.2 0.1
0 0
x1 X y1 Y
(x = A1) = 0.5 (y = B1) = 0.1
(x = A2) = 0.2 (y = B2) = 0.7
0 x1 X 0 Z
Rule 3: IF x is A1 (0.5) THEN z is C3 (0.5)
Degree of Degree of
Membership Membership
1.0 1.0
C2 C2
0.2 0.2
0.0 0.0
Z Z
1 1 1
C1 C2 C3
0.5 0.5
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
0 Z 0 Z 0 Z 0 Z
b
A x x dx
COG a
b
A x dx
a
1/3/2018 Intelligent Systems and Soft Computing 15
n Centroid defuzzification method finds a point
representing the centre of gravity of the fuzzy set, A,
on the interval, ab.
n A reasonable estimate can be obtained by calculating
it over a sample of points.
1.0
0.8
0.6 A
0.4
0.2
a b
0.0 X
150 160 170 180 190 200 210
Degreeof
Membership
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
67.4 Z
0 x1 X 0 k3 Z
Rule 3: IF x is A1 (0.5) THEN z is k3 (0.5)
1 1 1 1
0.5 0.5
0.2
0.1 0.2 0.1
0 k1 Z 0 k2 Z 0 k3 Z 0 k1 k2 k3 Z
Sugeno-style defuzzification
0 z1 Z
Crisp Output
z1
1/3/2018 Overall
Intelligentinput-output
Systems26
and Soft Computing curve
Example #2 (Mamdani Fuzzy models )
Two input single-output Mamdani fuzzy
model with 4 rules:
If X is small & Y is small then Z is
negative large
If X is small & Y is large then Z is
negative small
If X is large & Y is small then Z is
positive small
If X is large & Y is large then Z is
positive large
1/3/2018 Intelligent Systems27
and Soft Computing
X = [-5, 5]; Y = [-5, 5]; Z = [-5, 5] with max-min
composition & centroid defuzzification, we can
determine the overall input output surface
0.8 VS S M
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Mean Delay (normalised)
0.4
0.2
0.0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Number of Spares (normalised)
L M S VS
M RL RS S
S VL L M
VS S M m
S S VS VS
VS S M
M
s
m
L S S VS
M VS VS VS
S VS VS VS
L
VS S M
m
1/3/2018 Intelligent Systems and Soft Computing 48
Step 4: Encode the fuzzy sets, fuzzy rules
and procedures to perform fuzzy
inference into the expert system
To accomplish this task, we may choose one of
two options: to build our system using a
programming language such as C/C++ or Pascal,
or to apply a fuzzy logic development tool such as
MATLAB Fuzzy Logic Toolbox, Fuzzy Clips, or Fuzzy
Knowledge Builder.
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2 1
0.8
0.4 0.6
0.4
0.6 0.2
mean_delay 0 number_of_servers
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0
0.2 1
0.8
0.4 0.6
0.4
0.6 0.2
mean_delay 0 utilisation_factor
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.2 1
0.8
0.4 0.6
0.4
0.6 0.2
mean_delay 0 number_of_servers
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2 1
0.8
0.4 0.6
0.4
0.6 0.2
mean_delay 0 utilisation_factor
s RS S VS VS
L S S VS S S VS VS
M
RL VS S M
S S VS
m
M VS VS VS
RS VS VS VS
S VS VS VS
L
VS S M
m
1/3/2018 Intelligent Systems and Soft Computing 57
Three-dimensional plots for Rule Base 3
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.2 1
0.8
0.4 0.6
0.4
0.6 0.2
mean_delay 0 number_of_servers
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2 1
0.8
0.4 0.6
0.4
0.6 0.2
mean_delay 0 utilisation_factor