Presented by: Nikhil Bhardwaj

Caleb Tenzin
Rajat Dhiman
50 years ago, the present site of Chandigarh was a large
expanse of Dusty croplands, punctuated with clumps of
native trees and a few old hamlets.

Location of site was a part of Ambala

District.‘Ambala’ as the name
suggests, is ‘Amb-wala’ which means
‘land of mangoes.’

Year 1948, site for the new city Old Chandigarh’s landscape
was to be selected, Dr. MS Randhawa, deputy commissioner of Ambala district,
in one of his notes recorded:
“This piece of land is dotted with trees and gardens and a large number of mango
tress, which are yielding a rich crop.”


Thanks to the vision of founding fathers of chandigarh

several laws were enacted, most significantly being
‘The Chandigarh Tress Preservation order,1952’

It prohibited the cutting down, lopping or willful destruction of trees

in the city area.

Large no. of old trees in the open spaces

have been preserved, like ‘vintage grandpas’
of city landscape.The majestic, though
wrinkled, gnarled or bending trees are a
constant reminder of the City’s roots in its
past.

Another location to observe groves of vuln

erable, old mango trees is near the
High Court in/capitol area and in sector21
which has been converted into parrot sanct
-uary as it attracts many of these birds. Pipal(Ficus religiosa), Sukhna Lake
City’s construction started from scratch.
New city, New kind of people.
Modern construction.
Pressure on ecosystem.
Alteration on massive scale.
Concepts of
‘continuous environment of
public greens and open spaces.’
‘new landscape park’
‘green belts’
‘parkways’ ie; rows of trees.
have been introduced in the
western countries. Chandigarh’s construction period
Albert Mayer and Matthew Nowicki, were assigned planning of city.
Proposed a plan inspired by ‘Garden City Movement’ of England.

Basic strategy was to “counteract the disadvantages of industrial towns by creating

self –sufficient cities restricted in size and surrounded by green belts, which have
the advantages of both town and country.”
1948, “parks and pleasure grounds” were considered important
elements of neighboring unit.”
Government was conscious about the fact that “green garland”
was needed on city’s periphery.
 Belt of 10km (16km now) was sterilized under
“Punjab New Capital(Periphery) control act,1952.”
Belt, an effective way of counteracting
environmental pollution.
Underlying principle behind planning:
The landscaping of this city is based on a
careful observation of the vegetation of
India. Selected ornamental trees, shrubs
and climbers have been planted according
to the color scheme to beautify it.
In future planting and replacements, these
principles must be kept in view. There
should be no haphazard replacements, so
that the avenues retain their harmony and
beauty. The leisure valley, the Rajendra park
and other parks shall be developed as parks
only and no building other than already
planned shall be permited. Green Belt around Chandigarh
Landscape Advisory Committee was constituted in 1953.
Chairman : Dr M S Randhawa (Botanist)(Administrator)
Made a detailed study of trees of Delhi.
Established nursery in sector 23, in an area of 25 acres, where
2 lakh saplings of trees, shrubs and other ornamental plants
were raised.
Suggested planting of exotic plants from
foreign countries in city parks would
foster international relations.
Extensive use of flowering trees in
housing areas to brighten them.

Flowering trees sector 19D Exotic plants in parks

 For avenues eugenia operculata, with its green
leaves was selected. It sheds leaves in february
and renews them in early march.
It has semi-globose crown and light green leaves
Eugenia operculata
are soothing to eyes.
Center of road junctions have flowering trees like
amaltas, kachnar and gulmohar.
 In narrow spaces shrubby climbers like
bougainville and patrea volubilis are planted.
Mauve Kachnar

Amalta Tree Gulmohar Trees Bougainville

7 Vs of Chandigarh:
established by Le Corbusier for traffic segregation.
• V1: Arterial Roads
• V2: Major Boulevards
• V3: Sector Definers
• V4: Shopping streets
• V5: Neighborhood Streets
• V6: Access Lanes to houses
• V7&V8 : Pedestrian paths
and Cycle tracks.

Main Landscaping areas:

•Roads.
•Urban Spaces(Capitol Area)
(City Centre).
•Free spaces like parks.
•Special areas Sukhna Lake.

7Vs of Chandigarh
Along V2 roads:

*Heavy Traffic automobile highway.

*Parallel band of parking.
*Large pavement on each side with shops, arcades and high buildings.

#Need to demarcate highway by a border of high trees

#Shade pedestrians along shops.

>For car route, a simple row of single trees with its foliage will allow the eye to
travel across. This will light and evergreen foliage to avoid the need of sweeping.
>For pedestrians a multiple row of trees with heavy deciduous foliage so that
sun’s rays might pass in winters.

Roads are :
1:Jan Marg(V2) 5:Sarovar Path
2:Purva Marg 6:Himalya Path
3:Chandi Path 7:Udyan Path
4:Sukhna Path 8:Vidya Path

Plantation on Jan Marg

Kusum avenue (17&18)

Imli avenue (7&26)

Pilkhan avenue (7&8)

Along V3 roads:

*Heavy high speed traffic.

#Trees planted according to relation with sun(glare).

#2 directions of V3

+parallel to avenue of capitol(vertical V3)N to S.

+parallel to station avenue(Horizontal V3) E to W.

>These two positions are unfavorable to drivers(glare).

Six shapes of trees an
their characteristics :
1) Shape
2) Height
3) Growth(slow or quick)
4) Flowers(character or leaves)
5) Deciduous or Evergreen
6) Thick or light-growth

Kassod trees on Madhya Marg

 Chukrasia on Jan Marg

It should be noticed
that the difference in
tree planting of the
horizontal and vertical
V3s will at once make
clear the users in which
directions they are
travelling.
 Devil’s trees(37&38)

Mahogany along Udyog Path

Arjun trees Dakshin Marg

Along V4:

*Most intense activity of the urban life of sector

takes place.
*V4 is a street which gives each sector it’s own
character.
>Thus, each V4 will be different from others &
furnished with special characteristics, because
it is indispensable .
to create a great variety across the city and give
inhabitants elements of classification.
>For winding neighbourhood. Cassia trees flowering on city market roads

Smunder phall on PU market road Amaltas flowering on sector 16 V4 road

 Plantation on Jan Marg

Cassia trees on city market roads

Neem trees on V5 road (sector 22)

Along V5:

*They circulate through entire sector.

*Houses are located on both sides.
>Keeping in view the sun’s direction trees are planted
on one side only.(Evergreen + Flowering to break
monotony of the built form.

Along V6:
Silver Oak avenue (sector 10)
*Houses are located on narrow V6 roads.
*Trees shouldn’t block the morning sun so that
pruning isn’t required.
>Trees planted on one side of road only keeping in
mind the size of houses.

Along V7: Lagerstroemia pantation (sector 35)

*Only few pedestrian

paths have been built.
*few examples along
Jan Marg and
Punjab university.
Trees on pedestrian path along Jan Marg Ashok plants (PU)
Important Green
Landmarks
-Chandigarh City
SECTOR 17- THE CITY CENTRE
The heart of Chandigarh City
Mostly commercial and administrative
buildings
Major areas of this sector is filled up by
buildings, roads, parking and pedestrian
piazzas.
Very little spaces provided for green areas.
Smunder phall. Barrintonia acutangula
Sector 17 piazza
Trees selection criteria based on:
Soften the roughness of the concrete
buildings and create aesthethic balance
Give shade to the parking
Reduce the heat and glare from the
pedestrian pavements.
Neelam theatre, sector 17
Budha’s coconut.( Sterculia alata)
Avenue for deep shade on the road

Safeda (eucalyptus citriordora) plantation

along the roads to soften aesthetics.
Tree plantation in cut outs in the concrete Native trees near the Estate Office , preserved
piazzas in sector 17 in sector 17
NATIVE
Chukrasia (chukrasia tabularis)
Pilkhan(ficus infectoria)
Kusum( scheichera trijuga)
Makhan tree( sapium sebiferum)
Pipal(ficus religosia)
Shisham( dalbergia sissoo)
Neem(azadirachta indica)
EXOTIC
Devil’s tree( alstonia scholaris) Chukrasia ( chukrasia tabularis) along
Terminalia( terminalia myriocarpo) parking in sector 17
THE GOVERNMENT MUSEUM AND ART GALLERY CAMPUS
 The government Museum and Art Gallery is in sector 10
 Designed by Le Corbusier
 All buildings are monumental yet planting is controlled to
protect the views.
 Mass plantation of Safeda trees in between to protect the
individuality of the buildings and maintain a continuity

Safeda (eucalytpus citriodora) plantation in the Government

museum and art gallery campus, sector 10
Mexican silk cotton (chorisia speciosa) in
Government Museum & Art Gallery, Sector
Bottle brush

To impart bright , natural ,color round

the year.

The approach road running along the

campus is planted with tall and
conical trees like silver oak and to
contrast with the drooping bottle
brush
Silver oak
LEISURE VALLEY –GARLAND OF GARDENS
Le Corbusier wanted to convert
Chandigarh, a valley eroded by
seasonal rivulet into
A continuous linear parkland called
the leisure valley
A series of special theme gardens
weaving a garland of gardens
Meant for the city :of hues ,textures
and colors.

RAJENDRA PARK Tree plantation on the sector 10 stretch

Rajendra park is in sector 1
 vast land of 400 acres abutting
the secretariat building in the
capitol area
The beautiful shivalik hills on the
N-E make an excellent
background
Lots of mango trees and a group
of flowering species have been
planted
More than 4000 plants were Chikoo tree plantation on the sector 1
 THE ROSE GARDEN
About 30 acres of the leisure valley in
sector 16 has been planted with more
than 1000 varieties of roses.
This is the largest collection of roses
in a single garden in the whole of Asia.
Has boosted tourism

Other medicinal plants here are:

Bael (aegle marmelos
Bahera ( terminalia bellerica) Roses along with amaltas trees flowering in the ro
Camphor( cinnamonum camphora) garden
Yellow gulmohar(peltopherim ferrugium
Indian coral( erythrina indica)
And a variety of christmas trees

Bael (aegle marmelos) is a medicinal plant

Camphor tree at rose garden in the rose garden
Indian coral tree flowering in the rose garden Feedle wood(cithraxylon subseratum), rose g

Weeping willow( salix babylonica),bottle brush, taxodium, Rose garden

Near the water feature in the rose garden.
SHANTI KUNJ
The Shanti Kunj between rose garden
and cricket stadium, sector 16
Completely noise free
Divided into 5 parts:
1.medicinal plants
2.Vertical shaped trees
3.Flowering trees
4.thick foliage trees
5 environmentally suitable trees
Shanti kunj
CANNA GARDEN
In sector 23
Famous for amla trees, have been
here since the inception of the city
Canna (or canna lily, although not a
true lily)a genus of10 species of flower
ing plants.
 The closest living relations to
cannas are the other plant families of
the order Zingiberales
Canna (Foliage Group) 'Auguste
Ferrier'
HIBISCUS GARDEN
In sector 36, with an area of 8 acres
A mound of 6 m has been made to save the
sandy area from being eroded and to accentuate
the flat land
There are 40 kinds of hibiscus found here
Trees like the bottle brush, chukrasia, tecoma,
timbouva ,kusum , bara champa, magnolia
Hibiscus is a genus of flowering plants in the
mallow family, Malvaceae. The genus is quite
large, comprising several hundred species that
are native to warm-temperate, subtropical and
tropical regions throughout the world.
hibiscus
GARDEN OF RARE PLANTS
Situated on the kalka-ropar road
Old groves of mango,date palm,
jamoa,shisham can be seen.
This was more like an experimental
garden for trying new plantation in this
region ,trees non-native to this region
A few varieties of bammboo were aslo
planted here.
Some native trees of this region are
pipal( fictus religiosa), burr(ficus
benghalensis),jor tor (casuarina equistifolia,
bottle palm, fishtail palm.
indian coral tree
• The mango belt is located at the Purv Marg of the city, separating the industrial area
from the residential areas.
• On both sides of the road, 10-12 rows of mango of different varieties have been
planted.

Mango trees along the Purv marg

• Th e c e n tra l v e rg e o f th e d u a l c a rria g e w a y h a s b e e n p la n te d w ith d e s i
m a n g o tre e s , th u s c o n s titu tin g a c o m p le te tre e b u ffe r to p ro te c t th e
re s id e n tia l a re a s fro m p o llu ta n ts e m a n a tin g fro m th e fa c to rie s a n d h e a v y
tra ffic m o v in g a lo n g th e P u rv a Ma rg .

Mango garden along Purv Marg, dividing the

industrial area from the city
• The pa nora m a of s pring in the c ity is m a rke d by the c ons pic uous
c ha ng e of c olor, a rom a a nd le a f fa ll.
• Le Corbus ie r ha d s ug g e s te d tha t e a c h S e c tor s hould be m a rke d by a
dis tinc t c olor a nd c ha ra c te r of tre e blos s om s a long its V4 s hopping s tre e ts .
• As s uc h, m a ny of the c ity s hopping s tre e ts a re a dorne d with the s pla s h of brig ht –
c olore d flowe rs on tre e s .

Flowering maltas trees along V5 road

sector 8
A ve ry pe c ulia r but a e s the tic e xpe rie nc e of s pring in Cha ndig a rh is the profus e
le a f-s he dding a nd cha ng e of folia g e of s om e s pe c ie s .

Foliage change in kusum trees

growing on the Himalaya path Foliage change in the pilkhan tree
Anothe r tre e to wa tc h e s pe c ia lly for le a f-fa ll, is the pipa l.
The old pipa l tre e on the S ukhna la ke ba ndh is a n importa nt
la ndm a rk for a ll vis itors .

Foliage change in the pipal tree

• Tre e pla nta tion in the fore s t is m ixe d type – both in the S ukhna c a tc hm e nt a nd
in the g re e n buffe rs a long the two c hoe s . s uc h a s m a ng o, m ulbe rry, ja m oa ,
kha ir, s his ha m , dha k e tc .
• The re fore , unlike the pla nta tion of e xotic s pe c ie s in the c ity, only na tiv e s pe c ie s
we re pla nte d in the fore s t a re a .

Shisham trees in Nepali forest

 Dhak a native tree of Nepali forest in
Foliage change in the Nepali forest in
Near Chandigarh
spring

• The a v ow e d obje c tive of the city ma s te r pla n to pre s e rv e na tura l

a re a s a nd to ha rm onize the m with the pla nta tion of s uita ble tre e
s pe c ie s , s hrubs e tc . ha s be e n a c hie v e d in a g re a t me a s ure in the s e
fore s ts .
Shisham and Safeda trees growing in kansal
forest

The cover in the kansal forest

• While fina lis ing the tre e pla nta tion m a s te r pla n for the e ntire c ity a nd its
v a rious c om pone nts . The following a s pe c ts a s pe c ts we re c ons ide re d :
I. E c olog ic a l a nd e nv ironm e nta l v a lue of tre e pla nta tion in its g iv e n c onte xt
a nd loc a tion.
II. F unc tiona l v a lue of tre e pla nta tion, s uc h a s prov iding s ha de , c re a ting
e nc los ure s , pa rtition line s , dire c tions a nd de m a rc a tions of bounda rie s e tc

Trees can shade buildings from hot sun

III. Re la tions hip of the tre e pla nta tion s c he m e s with a rc hite c ture . It is e s s e ntia l
tha t in the v ita l a re a s of the c ity whe re the re a re e ithe r m onum e nta l building s or
othe r im porta nt a rc hite c tura l s e tting s , v e ry s e ns itiv e ly pla nne d tre e pla nting
s c he m e s s hould be e v olv e d s o a s to ha rm onis e with the built-up s urrounding s .
Re fe re nc e s :
Tre e s of Cha ndig a rh
-Chha ta r S ing h
-Ra jnis h Wa tta s
-Ha rjit S ing h Dhillon