Finish The Timeline of DNA discoveries

1.) Describe their research 2.) Include date

-Mendel
-McClintock
-Avery
-Chargaff
-Franklin
-Watson & Crick
-Hershey & Chase
-Har Gobind Khorana
*****QUIZ during the last 10 minutes!!*****

 Draw a DNA structure on pg. 63 if you

finish early. Include 10 nucleotides.
The “father of genetics” who used
pea plants to discover laws of inheritance.
•She worked with corn to map the genes on
each chromosome and showed “jumping
genes” or crossing over which increases
genetic variation from meiosis.
 • He figured out that nucleic acids (DNA) were
the “transforming factors”, and that DNA was
the molecule of genetic inheritance.

Transforming Molecule of
Factor = = Inheritance
 Avery, McCarty, Macleod Experiments

Added enzymes to the Since destroying DNA

heat killed, smooth strain prevented transformation,
which destroyed different DNA was the “Transforming
macromolecules. Factor”.

Enzymes destroy:

Mice lived = transformation Mice died = no transformation

• He discovered that in every DNA sample, the
amount of Adenine equaled Thymine, and
that the amount of Guanine equaled Cytosine
– this became known as Chargaff’s Rule
e.g. Humans: A = 30.9% T = 29.4%
C = 19.8% G = 19.8%
 Photo 51

• Crystallized DNA to make an

X-ray diffraction pattern of it.
• Revealed the double helix
structure of DNA.
• Died of ovarian cancer at 37, four years before
Wilkins, Watson and Crick were awarded the
Nobel Prize for the discovery of DNA’s structure.
 Discovery of DNA

• There was in rivalry with Franklin to discover

the structure of DNA using X-ray diffraction.
• In 1962 he won the Nobel Nobel Prize
Prize in Physiology and
Medicine along with Watson
and Crick for discovering the
3D structure of DNA.

• With the help of Franklin’s

work, they proposed the
exact 3D structure of the
DNA double helix.
• In 1962 they won the
Nobel Prize with Wilkins.
 • Used bacteria and phages (viruses that
infect bacteria) to determine that DNA,
not proteins, are the molecules of
genetic inheritance in their famous
“blender experiments”.
Phages Attacking Bacterium
T4 Phage
 The Blender Experiments

Phages grown with

radioactive 35S
which gets added
to proteins.

S only found Only the radioactively labelled nucleic acids from the phages
in proteins. were found in the bacteria, therefore this was the phage’s
genetic material.
Phages grown with
radioactive 32P
which gets added
to nucleic acids.

P only found in
nucleic acids.
• He came from a poor village in India & went on
to win the Nobel Prize in medicine for showing
how DNA is synthesized into Proteins.
• He led the Human Genome Project and
helped sequence all the genes in the human
body.
 • This Scientists came from a poor village in
India went on to win the Nobel Prize for
showing how DNA is synthesized into
Proteins.

a. Franklin
b. Watson & Crick
c. Hershey & Chase
d. Har Gobind Khorana
 •Proposed the exact 3D
structure of the DNA
double helix.

• In 1962 they won the Nobel

Prize with Wilkins.
a. Franklin
b. Watson & Crick
c. Hershey & Chase
d. Har Gobind Khorana
 • Used bacteria and phages (viruses that infect
bacteria) to determine that DNA, not proteins,
are the molecules of genetic inheritance in their
famous “blender experiments”.

a. Franklin
b. Watson & Crick
c. Hershey & Chase
d. Har Gobind Khorana
 Photo 51

• Crystallized DNA to make an

X-ray diffraction pattern of it.
• Revealed the double helix
structure of DNA.

a. Franklin
b. Watson & Crick
c. Hershey & Chase
d. Har Gobind Khorana
The “father of genetics” who used
pea plants to discover laws of inheritance.

a. Avery
b. McClintock
c. Chargaff
d. Mendel
•This scientist worked with corn to map the
genes on each chromosome and showed
“jumping genes” or crossing over which
increases genetic variation from meiosis.
a. Avery
b. McClintock
c. Chargaff
d. Mendel
 • He discovered that in every DNA sample, the
amount of Adenine equaled Thymine, and
that the amount of Guanine equaled Cytosine

e.g. Humans: A = 30.9% T = 29.4%

C = 19.8% G = 19.8%
a. Avery
b. McClintock
c. Chargaff
d. Mendel
 • He figured out that nucleic acids (DNA) were
the “transforming factors”, and that DNA was
the molecule of genetic inheritance.

Transforming Molecule of
Factor = = Inheritance
a. Avery
b. McClintock
c. Chargaff
d. Mendel