NEEDS ANALYSIS

DEFINITION OF NEEDS
• Berwick (1989:52) suggests a basic definition of
need: a need is a “gap or measurable
discrepancy between a current state of affairs
and a desired future state.”
WHAT IS NEEDS ANALYSIS?
“…systematic collection and analysis of all subjective
and objective information necessary to define and
validate defensible curriculum processes that satisfy
the language learning requirements of students within
the context of particular institutions that influence
the learning and teaching situation.”
–Brown, 1995, p. 36
 CLASSIFICATION OF NEEDS

Needs

Target Learning
Needs Needs
What the learner needed to What the learner needed
do in the target situation to do in order to learn

Necessities Lacks Wants

What learner Gap between existing
has to know Target Proficiency
and target proficiency
PROCESS IN NEEDS ANALYSIS

•Brown, 1995

1.Making basic decisions

2.Gathering information
3.Using the information
1. MAKING BASIC DECISIONS

What type of
Who will be Which viewpoint
information should
involved? should be taken?
be gathered?
2. INFORMATION GATHERING

• Types of • Types of • Selecting

Questions Instruments Procedures
3. USING THE INFORMATION

• While the first and second steps are the data-collection stages of a
needs analysis procedure, the third step is a process of analyzing
and evaluating data, setting a goal and proposing base syllabus
contents. Data obtained from the steps one and two above shall be
analyzed and ideas and suggestions on how to fill the gap shall be
raised.
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
• Learners
• People working in the field/study
• Ex-students
• Documents in the field
• Existing records
• Stakeholders
• ESP research
• Teachers and Administrators
• Native speakers in the target context
INSTRUMENTS USED IN DATA
COLLECTION
• Questionnaires
• Discourse Analysis
• Discussions
• Structured interviews
• Observations
• Assessment
• Meetings
THANK YOU!
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