GROUP 1

RUDDER AND STEERING GEAR

Steering system consist of Rudder, Steering Gear
and Controller
 RUDDER ???

STEERING GEAR ???

 RUDDER
Rudder is a primary control survace used to steer the ship that moves
throught a fluid of water. A radder operates by redirecting the fluid past the
hull thus imparting a turning or yawing motion to the craft.
 Types Of Rudder
1. Depens on the area of Rudder
a. Unbalance Rudder
These rudders have their stocks attached at the forward most point of their span. Unlike balanced rudders,
the rudder stock runs along the chord length of the rudder.
b. balance Rudder
A spade rudder is basically a rudder plate that is fixed to the rudder stock only at the top of the rudder.
In other words, the rudder stock (or the axis of the rudder) doesn’t run down along the span of the
rudder.
b. Semi balance Rudder
if you have been able to visualize a balanced and unbalanced rudder by now, it should be pretty easy to
visualize a semi-balanced rudder.
 How to Operate Rudder

1. Operate according remote control or deck house

2.Operate according manual
3. Operate according direcly with chaid
 RULES
1. Every ship should have 2 independent steering system, which cover for the size and
speed of ship. In passanger ship and general cargo with 5000 GT or more, one of the
steer should be operated. Both of them, should be operate at the same time, if the
diameter of steering ... More than 230 mm, if the speed is 10 knots and diamteer more
than 250mm.
2. Actual position of steering operation power should be showed at the position of main
steering system.
3. Steering system must be protected from pressure and weather, pipes and cables must
be made from choosen materials because it works to stop the steer at an acute angle,
for gear and also the braking gear itself.
4. If the steering head, pintle, and others have additional measure for navigation,
steering system must be able to protect from risk of load increase.
5. Restrinctions on the rudder angle normal service should be limited to certain
equipment, with an angle of 35° on both sides.
 How to Maintenance the Rudder

1. To maintenance or repair steering of the ship, the ship

will be on dock.
2.Cllean all the dirt on the steering leaves (?)
3. Checking if there’s deformation, it can caused the
movement of the ship isn’t accordance with the
steering leaves angular position.
 Steering Gear
Steering gear is one of the essential equipment that is
in the vessel. It’s to guide the ship to turn left (port side)
or turn right (starboard side), steering gear itself can
works when the ship is moving.
 Types of Prime Mover Steering Gears:
1. Steam steering gear
• Moved by double cylinder steam engine power to the
crank angle of 90° and also with electric motor.
• The turning of steam engine is controlled with a long
sliding the slide valve is determined with telemotor.
• Economic valve to cut the steam flow.
• Sensitive works that can be directly mounted on the
steering wheel.
• Working machine is stopped with hunting gear.
• High noise level.
• Mechanical losses high enough.
 How steam steering gear works

Steam engine drives pinion in the tooth-rack, then

moves quadrant. Quadrant can be rotatearound the
rudder stock. Quadrant and tiller connected by two
strong spings. The movement of quadrant is
transmitted to the tiller by spring and then transmitted
again the rudder stock. Under tiller, there’s brakes that
allow the rudder stops at the desired position.
2. Electric Steering Gear
• Driven by two electric motors which one of them is to
reversing
• There is a tiller attached to the rudder -post , quadrant
surrounding the central part tiller , springs and brakes
which in this case are each 2 pieces
• Can be moved by hand in which the installation of the
system is not connected to the electrical system
• When actuated by hand , mechanical transmission gear
should not be related to the way moving to advance past
the plate - foundation
 How electric steering gear works

Transmission from the motor to the quadrant possible with the

wheel in oilbath and a pinion . The teeth of the quadrant was
made in the amount of 5 pieces to reduce the cost of repairs.
On the extension of the tiller quadrant aids are not associated
with the electrical part so that the steering gear can be moved
by hand .
3. Hydraulic Steering Gears

This type of power steering uses a hydraulic ( oil ) that can be pumped
from the bridge down to room mesinkemudi below . The movement of
the transmitter equipment on the bridge ( for example, by turning the
steering wheel) , the hydraulic oil in the connecting pipe to be pressed
and forwarded to the receiver cylinder in the engine room and the
steering wheel equivalent to it then it will move leaves as desired
steering direction of the bridge .
 RULES
Capability and reliability of the steering system is vital to support the operations of a ship and navigational
safety , safety and security during the cruise . For the detailed classification of various agencies and
SOLAS sets the rules that must be met by the ship designer both in terms of design , construction ,
installation , and operation of the steering system . Technically steering gear must meet the following
requirements :
- Can be operated on all shipping conditions
- Its use for the long term
- Being able to put on the rudder angle and speed required
- Easy to operate for the replacement of the main steering equipment to help him
- Easily controlled from various places in shipboard
- The size and weight to a minimum
- Easy in the design , maintenance , and repair
- Economical
In relation to the control - gearnya , steering gear must meet the technical
requirements as follows :

- Steering engine must be started with a steering wheel

- The direction and rotation of the steering engine should be equal to a round
steering wheel
- Steering engine should be able to activate the control -gear and rudder
quickly to change direction when the wheel is rotated , so that the desired
direction and manouver can be achieved
- Steering gear must be stopped automatically when the rudder has reached
the maximum position , this is to avoid damage to the steering gear as a
whole
- Steering engine must be able to operate in a balanced and not too noisy , so
that the vibration in the stomach is reduced , thereby memebrikan comfort
for passengers and crew
 RULES BKI
Main Steering Gears
- With rudder fully immersed in the calm water , steering - gear must be able
to move the wheel of the 350 left and 350 to right the ship at the speed of
service , the time to move from left to right the ship should be no more than
28 seconds . Gear and steering rod should be enough for a maximum speed
behind the boat
- Operating manuals acceptable for the rudder -stock with diameters less
than or equal to 120 mm , with load torque has been calculated according to
the rules for hull construction . Round hand- wheel required to change the
position of the steering wheel from one position to another position
furthest should not exceed 25 times . The efficiency of the system should be
such that the force necessary to operate the hand- wheel does not exceed
25 N.
Second Steering Gears
- With rudder fully immersed in the calm water , auxiliary steering
gear should be able to turn the steering wheel 150 150 portside to
starboard or vice versa within 60 seconds , at a speed of 50% of the
maximum speed of the ship , or at least 8 knots . Steering gear which
is served by the pipeline hydraulic pipes should have its own ,
separate from the main steering gear
- Operating manual auxiliary steering gear may be allowed to rudder
stock with a diameter less than or equal to 230 mm .
 MAINTENANCE

• All bearings in the steering gear must be oiled every

month
• Frequently check the oil level in the gear pump
properly
• Always check on all pipes and connectors that
meeting , no leak
• Recommend that the steering gear in oil basting
waterproof
HOW TO CALCULATION STEERING SYSTEM