Hoke Fitting Installation Workshop Master

Fittings
Installation
Workshop
Syed ALI
Middle East Manager
2
Why Are We Here?
Fittings are designed to safely

connect and seal fluid systems
under various pressure,
temperature, and hazardous fluid
conditions, but they are only a part
of a system
CONFIDENTIAL www.hoke.com
3
Proper Functioning
Quality Fittings Proper Tubing, Pipe,

or Mating Threads
!
PROPER
INSTALLATION
4
Topics
Pipe
» Pipe Threads
» Thread Tape
» Applying Thread Tape
» Applying Torque to Pipe Thread
All of the above are relevant to use Pipe
of either pipe or tube fittings
Tube
Pipe vs. Tubing
5
Topics
Tubing
» Advantages of Tubing vs. Pipe
Key Tubing Considerations

» Tubing Variables
» Care and Handling of Tubing
» Bending Considerations
» Tube Clamping
6
Topics
Tube and Fitting Installation
» Initial Makeup
» Reassembly
» Tube Fittings without Ferrules
» Larger size fittings
» Gageability
Installation Aids
Let’s begin with Pipe and Pipe Threads
7
Pipe
Pipe is hollow, elongated metallic structure used

to convey fluids
How did Pipe begin?
8
Pipe
Originally sized based on I.D.
Pipe Size Actual Outside Diameter
1/8” NB 0.405”/10.3 mm
1/4” NB 0.540”/13.7 mm
3/8” NB 0.675”/17.1 mm
1/2” NB 0.840”/21.3 mm
3/4” NB 1.050”/26.7 mm
1” NB 1.315”/33.4 mm
How is pipe joined, or connected?
9
Joining Pipe
Welding is one method
» Two Functions for Joints in a Fluid System
• Connecting
• Sealing
• Welding does both well, but…
Pipe Threads most Common

» Two Types of Pipe Threads that perform
those functions in different ways
• Straight
• Taper
10
Pipe Threads
Functions: Connect and Seal
Straight Taper
O-ring
Straight Thread divides functions Taper Thread combines functions

Needs Tape or Sealant: NO YES
12
NPT and NPTF Threads

What does NPT mean?
What does NPTF mean?
Sharp Crest on Flat Crest on

Male Thread Male Thread
NPTF NPT & Straight Threads

Be sure to confirm whether a reference to NPTF means dryseal or female NPT! If female, preferred
terminology, to avoid confusion, is FNPT.
13
The NPT Challenge
Gap between
crest and root
The gap is not a problem for a straight thread – Why not?
14
Tapes or Sealants
Why apply tape or a sealant?
2 Reasons:
» To “Close the Gap” on NPT threads and
achieve a Seal (Remember the NPT thread
must connect and seal)
» To Prevent Galling on an NPT thread,

which is a multi-use thread. (Don’t tape an
NPTF thread, which is only intended for one use and
metal-to-metal make-up.)
Remember that tape or sealant may lower temperature rating of system!
15
Applying Thread Tape
Why is only one end taped?
Wrap tape in a clockwise direction. Remember NOT to Cover 1st Thread
While you don’t cover the 1st thread, you must cover ALL effective threads!
16
Applying Thread Tape

Nominal Tape Effective Thread Approx. #
Pipe Size Width Length (external) of Threads
1/8 1/8 - 1/4 1/4 7
1/4 1/4 3/8 7 1/3
3/8 1/4 3/8 7 1/2
1/2 1/4 - 1/2 1/2 7 1/2
3/4 1/4 - 1/2 9/16 7 2/3
1 1/4 - 1/2 11/16 8
Now ready to apply torque
17
What is Torque?
Torque is a force applied

in a circular motion!
18
Applying Torque to a Pipe Thread

Wrench Hex Clockwise
NPT Threads
NPT Torque in Torque in
Size Inch-Pounds Newton-Meters
1/8 150 17
1/4 250 30
3/8 450 50
1/2 800 90
3/4 1000 115
1 1200 135
19
Applying Torque to a Pipe Thread

SAE Straight Threads
Straight Port Adjustable Port
Size Torque (In-Lbs) Torque (In-Lbs)
1/4 245 200
3/8 630 400
1/2 1150 640
5/8 1550 1125
3/4 2050 1450
1 3000 2150
Pipe and pipe fitting systems do offer advantages
20
The Pipe vs.

Tubing Decision
The advantages of threaded pipe are:
Simplicity of Fitting Design
Lower Individual Fitting Cost
Consistent Assembly
Tubing and tube fitting systems, however, offer advantages over pipe
21
The Advantages
of Tubing are:
No thread required, lower cost and weight
Excess Wall Thickness Wall Thickness necessary

for Pressure Containment
Tubing has a higher functional strength-to-weight ratio than pipe because it

doesn’t require extra wall thickness to accommodate threads
22
The Differences Between Pipe and

Tubing are:
Equivalent Size Tubing is SMALLER
1/4” Pipe 1/4” Tube

= .540” O.D. = .250” O.D.
Because tubing is intended to be connected without threads…
23
The Advantages of Tubing are:

Tubing does NOT need Tape
Reduces risk of contamination
Assures full temperature rating of
metals
No tape on tube end
Tape on Pipe End
Is pipe typically bendable?
24
The Advantages of Tubing are:

Bendability
Reduces connections and possible leak paths
Reduces time, labor, and fitting costs
Less time needed to disassemble
Lower pressure drops with less bend angle
Pipe Tube
Let’s now look at tubing concerns
25
Selecting the Right Tubing

The first step to achieving a safe installation comes
with the selection of the right tubing for the application,
remembering that “the fitting must perform two basic
functions, to grip or connect, and to seal, while also
locking the ferrules onto the tubing” – The tubing is a
CRITICAL part of a properly functioning system
Tubing selection is critical and involves the
consideration of a number of key parameters
26
Tubing Variables
Materials – fitting and tube same
material
Welded vs. Seamless Tubing
Hardness (tubing can’t be too hard)
Concentricity and Roundness
Wall Thickness determines pressure
rating
27
Material Purchasing
Tube Material Specification
Copper ASTM B-75
316 SS (seamless) ASTM A-213
316 SS (welded)* ASTM A-249
Monel® 400 ASTM B-165
Inconel™ 600 ASTM B-167
Hastelloy™ C-276 ASTM B-622
Titanium ASTM B-338
Specs address Chemical Composition, Strength, Roundness, and Hardness
* 20% Lower Pressure Rating for Welded Tubing
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Tubing Pressure Rating
Pressure Ratings Vary for Different Materials
29
Tubing Pressure Rating
Within a Material, Pressure Ratings Vary for Temperature
30
Temperature Derating
Temperature Copper Type 316
Seamless Seamless Welded
Annealed Annealed Annealed
Tubing Tubing Tubing
°F °C Spec. Spec. Spec.
ASTM ASTM ASTM
B-75 A-213 A-249
-20 to 100 -29 to 38 1.00 1.00 1.00
150 66 0.85 1.00 1.00
200 93 0.80 1.00 1.00
300 149 0.78 0.98 0.98
400 204 0.50 0.96 0.96
500 260 0.96 0.96
600 316 0.90 0.90
700 371 0.87 0.87
800 427 0.84 0.84
1000 538 0.81 0.81
1200 649 0.39 0.39
Once we’ve defined tubing, what’s next?
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Care and Handling
Tubing Handling
Cutting and Deburring
Bending
32
Care and Handling

of Tubing
Notify Supplier of Need for Careful
Handling of Tubing
Protect Tubing Surface from Damage when
pulling from racks
No Scratches
35
Care and Handling of Tubing

Properly Cut Tubing
Tube Cutter Hack Saw
Cutting Wheel
Adjustable Knob
36
Care and Handling

of Tubing
Deburr Tubing I.D. and O.D.
Now ready for tube system layout
38
Tubing Layout
A problem if fitting positions are fixed!
Preferred – Expansion Loop
Bending also requires care!
39
Bending the Tubing

Provide for key bending dimensions
R= Minimum Bend Radius
L= Minimum Length of Straight Tube required
to fully bottom tubing in fitting body
Tubing gets harder and flatter

R in the area of the bend
R
Tubing must be inserted L

straight into fitting
40
Bending Information Charts
1” 1”
1.5” 1.5”
41
Bending the Tubing

Consider this layout. Preparing and bending to achieve this layout is important to achieve
proper installation. Let’s see why.
Side 2
4”
Side 1 Side 3
2” 2”
42
Marking the Tubing
If you mark the tubing this way....
2” 4” 2”
43
Bending the Tubing

…you’ll end up with this.
Why is this a problem?
44
Bending the Tubing

If you try to insert this shape into fittings, they
CAN’T go into both fittings straight!
45
Bending the Tubing

Y
Z
The reason we have that

problem is that the actual
distance along the tube
(dotted line) from X to Z is
SHORTER than the solid
lines from X to Y to Z,
which is the way we
X
marked the tube.
46
Bending the Tubing

Side 2
4”
Side 1 Side 3
2” 2”
The black is what we marked for – the

red is what we actually got.
47
Tube Bending Gains

Tube Size 90° 45°
1/8” 0.16” 0.02”
3/16” 0.19” 0.02”
1/4” 0.24” 0.02”
3/8” 0.48” 0.05”
1/2” 0.64” 0.06”
5/8” 0.80” 0.08”
3/4” 0.97” 0.10”
7/8” 1.13” 0.11”
1” 1.29” 0.13”
48
Marking the Tubing 4”
First mark (1/4” tubing) : 2” 2” 2”
Second mark: 4” - 0.24” = 3.76”

Third mark for cutting: 2” - 0.24” = 1.76”
To ensure best fit, you might consider not cutting until bending is complete.
2” 3.76” 1.76”
7.52”
52
Tubing Layout
Offset Bends and Stagger Union Locations
Correct Offsetting
Vertically Gang Tubing
Preferred NOT
53
Tube Clamping
Spacing
Tube O.D. Between
Clamps/Fittings
Inch MM Ft Meters
1/4-1/2 6-12 3 .9
5/8-7/8 14-22 4 1.2
1 25 5 1.5
We’ve accounted for the tubing, let’s now consider the fitting!
54
Version 1.2
55
Hoke’s history
56
CONFIDENTIAL www.hoke.com 3
57
Basic Fitting Requirements

 Seal
 Connect or Grip
 High Pressure
 Deep Vacuum
 Vibration Resistant
 Handle a Variety of Fluids
 Broad Material Offering
 Broad Temperature Range
58
Additional Customer Requests

 Reduce O.D. cutting and
minimize I.D. restriction
 Improve remake life
 Reduce tube sticking
 Reduce dead volume
 Simplify assembly
Design, Performance, and Installation Procedures go hand-in-hand. Let’s take a closer look!
59
Tube Fitting Components
Properly Assembled Fitting
Rear Ferrule Front Ferrule Body
Nut
60
Tube Fitting Function

Gripping Sealing
FF – Harder
FR - Hardest Member
than Tubing
of System
Driver
Structure
Nut – Drives Ferrules
and Tubing to Set Body – Supports
System
62
Tube Fitting Installation

Initial Setting of Ferrules – 1/2” and smaller, or 5/8” thru 1” with tubing wall
thickness less than 0.065”
Hoke Gyrolok’s basic manual assembly instructions (for

initially setting ferrules on tubing) are as follows:
1. Loosen the fitting nut
2. Firmly insert the tubing into the fitting assembly.
3. Establish a consistent starting point for wrench-
tightening. Tighten the fitting nut until the
tubing will not rotate in the fitting. If it is not possible
to determine tubing rotation, finger-tighten the fitting
nut, then, while supporting the body with a backup
wrench, use a wrench to tighten the fitting nut an
additional ¼ turn past finger-tight.
4. Mark the nut at the 12:00 position.
63

Initial Setting of Ferrules – 1/2” and smaller, or 5/8” thru 1” with tubing wall
thickness less than 0.065”
5. While holding the body of the fitting with a backup

wrench, further tighten the nut with a wrench 1 1/4
turns by starting at 12:00 then going completely
around past the 12:00 position to the 3:00 position.
Ferrules should now be properly set onto the tubing

What happens during the assembly process?
64

Tube Fully Inserted (Hand-Tightened)
Front
Nut Ferrule Body
Rear
Ferrule
Tubing
Partial Installation
65

Sealing
Gripping Butt Seal
Controlled Ferrule Drive Sizing Angle
66
HOKE Gyrolok® Tube Fitting
Why we’re better:

 Controlled ferrule drive
 Butt seal
 Sizing angle
 1¼ turns…always
 Guaranteed
interchangeability
67
GYROLOK®
Four Unique Design Elements
Controlled Ferrule Drive Sizing Angle
Butt Seal High Tolerance NPT Spec
68
Ferrule
Right Angle Bore
Drive
Nut
Drive
Wedge-shaped two ferrule fitting without sizing angle
Problem:
Tube Sticking
69
Sizing Angle
HAND
TIGHT
FULLY
ASSEMBLED
Problem Addressed: Tube Sticking
70
Sizing Angle Installation

Need
 Deburr Tubing and FULLY insert

into Tube Fitting Body!!
71
Sealing Dead Space
Wedge-shaped two ferrule fitting without butt seal body
Problem:
Dead volume
72
Butt Seal Body

Problem Addressed: Dead Space
73
Added Benefit of Butt Seal

Concept
 Can Seal on Scratched Tubing

to Pressures at Least Equal to
Tubing’s Rated Pressure
74
Butt Seal Test Fitting

Body Cut-out
Wire
Tubing
Gouge
75
Butt Seal Installation Need
 Squarely cut the tubing, deburr,

and firmly insert into Tube Fitting
body. Tighten 1 ¼ turns!
76
Wedge-shaped single ferrule fitting without controlled ferrule drive
Problem:
 Can reduce remake life/performance
 Can increase O.D. cutting and I.D.
restriction
77
15°
Controlled Ferrule Drive
HAND
TIGHT
FULLY
ASSEMBLED
15°
Solution:
 Front ferrule “shoulder”
 Rear ferrule “15° gyration
lock”
78
Problem Addressed: Damage by

Overtightening
79
Two ferrule fitting without

Controlled Ferrule Drive...
Rear ferrule at 1 1/2 turns

Significantly Squeezes Tubing I.D. and Cuts O.D.
80
Wedge-shaped two ferrule fitting without controlled ferrule drive
Problem:
 Reduced Remake Life
 Damaged Fitting Body/Valve end
 Use of FNPT valve with separate

fitting
81
1 2 3
Ferrule Set 1 ¼ turn Ferrule Set 1 ½ turn Ferrule Set 1 ¾ turn
.015 tube indentation .018 tube indentation .021 tube indentation
.024 shoulder to face .018 shoulder to face .0085 shoulder to face
Roll-in locking
action of rear ferrule
4
Ferrule Set 2 turns
.024 tube indentation
.003 shoulder to face
82
1 2 3
Ferrule Set 1 ¼ turn Ferrule Set 1 ½ turn Ferrule Set 1 ¾ turn
.015 tube indentation .018 tube indentation .021 tube indentation
.024 shoulder to face .018 shoulder to face .0085 shoulder to face
Shoulder on front ferrule

prevents over-tightening
4
Ferrule Set 2 turns
.024 tube indentation
.003 shoulder to face
83
 Reduced Tube Stress

 Reduced I.D. Restriction
 Longer Remake Life
 Longer Fitting/Valve Life
84
Controlled Ferrule Drive Installation

…the Need
 Complete Assembly Procedure
 Gyrolok can be “reasonably”
tightened up!
85
Fittings With Multiple

Assembly Instructions:
 Sometimes, 1¼ turns
 Under ¼", ¾ turn
 High pressure, 1¼
turns plus
Problem:
Assembly confusion
86
Solution:
1¼ turns...
 All sizes
 All materials
 All pressure ratings
 Always
89

Installation Gage
Gyrogage
The “Tool for the Installer”: Checks components, and allows for checking of proper tube
insertion, and tightening
90

Gyrolok Depth Marking Tool
GMT
Where only depth marking is desired
91

Presetting Tools
Manual Presetting Tool
Hydraulic Presetting Tool
Both tools can simplify assembly in hard-to-reach places. The HPST is specifically required in
certain situations.
92

Initial Setting of Ferrules – 5/8” through 1”, with wall thickness greater than
0.065” and all tube fittings above 1”
Fitting sizes 5/8” through 1”:

 Due to the inherent strength of large diameter, heavy
wall tubing, Hoke recommends the use of a presetting
tool, either manual or hydraulic, for all installations
involving tubing sizes from 5/8” (or 16mm) through 1”
(25mm). When the tubing wall thickness is less than
0.065” (2mm) a manual tool is sufficient. When the
wall thickness is 0.065”, or greater, the use of a
hydraulic tool is specifically required.
Fittings above 1” in line size:

 A Hydraulic Presetting Tool must be used when
assembling 1 ¼”, 1 ½”, and 2” (plus metric sizes
above 25mm) line size Gyrolok tube fittings.
93
Hydraulic PST
100

Reassembly
1. Firmly insert the tubing end with the
previously set ferrules into the fitting body
and tighten the nut to a finger-tight condition
2. While supporting the body with a back-up
wrench, tighten the nut with
a wrench until a sharp rise in torque
is felt, then simply snug tight, 1/8 to 1/4 turn
from finger-tight
101

When NOT Setting Ferrules
Plug Port Connector
1. Finger-tighten the mating parts
2. While supporting the body with a
back-up wrench, tighten the nut with
a wrench until a sharp rise in torque
is felt, then simply snug tight. On
initial make-up this will be about ¼
turn from finger-tight.
102

The 3 Fitting Installation Situations
1. Initial Setting of Ferrules
» Manual 1 ¼ turns from finger-tight/no tube
rotation or use (Hydraulic) Presetting Tool
2. Resetting of Ferrules
» Tighten 1/8 to 1/4 turn from finger-tight
3. Making Seal – NO Ferrules to set (such
as with plug or “machined ferrule end” of
port connector)
» Tighten ¼ turn from finger-tight
105
Installation Aids
Nut and Ferrule Safety Changer®
Safety Changer
106
Safety Check List

1. Always use tubing that is compatible with
the fitting or valve material. (e.g., use 316
stainless steel fittings with 316 stainless
steel tubing)
2. Properly prepare tubing
3. Be careful not to work harden tubing.
4. Always leave a length of straight tube
between the tube bend and the fitting. A
tube bent too close to the fitting
connection may be a source of leakage.
107
Safety Check List

5. Use a tape or sealant on NPT or other
taper threads.
6. Use a tube insert with certain tubing.
7. Before assembling new, unused Gyrolok
tube fitting ends, loosen the Hoke
Gyrolok nut, then insert the tube. This
allows full insertion of the tube to the
base of the body bore.
8. Follow manufacturer’s assembly
instructions.
108
Safety Check List

9. Do not exceed working pressure and
temperature combinations for the
material.
10. Use installation aids to help ensure a
safe assembly.
11. Properly interchange nut and ferrule sets
when using products of several
manufacturers.
12. Use the Gyrolok Nut and Ferrule Safety
Changer to ensure proper interchange
as well as to safely replace components.
Fittings
Installation
Workshop
Thank You

Hoke Fitting Installation Workshop Master

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Fittings

Why Are We Here?

Fittings are designed to safely

Quality Fittings Proper Tubing, Pipe,

Key Tubing Considerations

» Care and Handling of Tubing

Pipe is hollow, elongated metallic structure used

Pipe Threads most Common

Straight Thread divides functions Taper Thread combines functions

NPT and NPTF Threads

What does NPTF mean?

Sharp Crest on Flat Crest on

NPTF NPT & Straight Threads

The NPT Challenge

The gap is not a problem for a straight thread – Why not?

» To Prevent Galling on an NPT thread,

Applying Thread Tape

Why is only one end taped?

Wrap tape in a clockwise direction. Remember NOT to Cover 1st Thread

Applying Thread Tape

Now ready to apply torque

Torque is a force applied

Applying Torque to a Pipe Thread

Applying Torque to a Pipe Thread

The Pipe vs.

Lower Individual Fitting Cost

Excess Wall Thickness Wall Thickness necessary

Tubing has a higher functional strength-to-weight ratio than pipe because it

The Differences Between Pipe and

1/4” Pipe 1/4” Tube

Because tubing is intended to be connected without threads…

The Advantages of Tubing are:

No tape on tube end

Tape on Pipe End

Is pipe typically bendable?

The Advantages of Tubing are:

Let’s now look at tubing concerns

Selecting the Right Tubing

Tubing Pressure Rating

Pressure Ratings Vary for Different Materials

Tubing Pressure Rating

Within a Material, Pressure Ratings Vary for Temperature

Care and Handling

Cutting and Deburring

Care and Handling

Care and Handling of Tubing

Care and Handling

Now ready for tube system layout

A problem if fitting positions are fixed!

Preferred – Expansion Loop

Bending also requires care!

Bending the Tubing

Tubing gets harder and flatter

Tubing must be inserted L

Bending Information Charts

Bending the Tubing

Marking the Tubing

If you mark the tubing this way....

Bending the Tubing

Why is this a problem?

Bending the Tubing

Bending the Tubing

The reason we have that

Bending the Tubing