Chapter 1

Trigonometric Functions

ED NEIL O. MARATAS
Instructor
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
 1.1

Angles

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Basic Terms

 Two distinct points determine a line called

line AB.
A B

 Line segment AB—a portion of the line

between A and B, including points A and B.
A B
 Ray AB—portion of line AB that starts at A and
continues through B, and on past B.
A B

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 Basic Terms continued

 Angle-formed by rotating
a ray around its endpoint.

 The ray in its initial

position is called the
initial side of the angle.

 The ray in its location

after the rotation is the
terminal side of the
angle.

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 1-4

 Naming Angles
 Unless it is ambiguous as to the meaning, angles may
be named only by a single letter (English or Greek)
displayed at vertex or in area of rotation between initial
and terminal sides
 Angles may also be named by three letters, one
representing a point on the initial side, one representing
the vertex and one representing a point on the terminal
side (vertex letter in the middle, others first or last)

B Acceptable Names :
angle A
angle 
 angle CAB
c angle BAC
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 1-5
 Basic Terms continued

 Positive angle: The  Negative angle: The

rotation of the terminal rotation of the terminal
side of an angle side is clockwise.
counterclockwise.

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 Angle Measures and Types of Angles

 The most common unit for measuring angles is

the degree. (One rotation = 360o)
 ¼ rotation = 90o, ½ rotation = 180o, 1 360 rotation  10
 Angle and measure of angle not the same, but it
is common to say that an angle = its measure
 Types of angles named on basis of measure:

0o    90o   90 o 90o    180o   180o

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 Complementary and Supplementary Angles

 Two positive angles are called complementary

if the sum of their measures is 90o
 The angle that is complementary to 43o = 47 o
 Two positive angles are called supplementary if
the sum of their measures is 180o
 The angle that is supplementary to 68o = 112o

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 Example: Complementary Angles

 Find the measure of each angle.

 Since the two angles form a right
angle, they are complementary
angles. Thus,
k  20  k 16  90 k +20

k  16
2k  4  90
2k  86
The two angles have measures of:
k  43
43 + 20 = 63 and 43  16 = 27

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 Example: Supplementary Angles

 Find the measure of each angle.

 Since the two angles form a straight
angle, they are supplementary
angles. Thus,
6x  7  3x  2  180
9x  9  180 6x + 7 3x + 2

9x  171
These angle measures are:
x  19
6(19) + 7 = 121 and 3(19) + 2 = 59

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 Portions of Degree: Minutes, Seconds

 One minute, 1’, is 1/60 of a degree.

1
1'  or 60'  1
60
 One second, 1”, is 1/60 of a minute.

1' 10
1"   or 60"  1' or 3600"  10
60 3600

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 Example: Calculations

 Perform the calculation.  Perform the calculation.

27 34' 26 52'
72  15 18'
27 34'
 Hint write: 72 as 71 60'
 26 52'
53 86' 71 60
Since 86 = 60 + 26, the

sum is written: 53
15 18'

 1 26'
56 42'
54 26'
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 Converting Between Degrees, Minutes and
Seconds and Decimal Degrees
 Convert 74 12' 18"
Write minutes and seconds
as fractions of a degree :
 Convert 34.624
Change fractional degrees
to minutes and fractional
minutes to seconds :

74 12' 18"  74 
12

18 34.624  34  .624
60 3600  34  .624(60')
 74  .2  .005
 34  37.44'
 74.205
 34  37 ' .44'
 34  37 ' .44(60")
 34  37 ' 26.4"
 34 37 ' 26.4"
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 Standard Position

 An angle is in standard position if its vertex is

at the origin and its initial side is along the
positive x-axis.




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 Quadrantal Angles

 Angles in standard position having their terminal

sides along the x-axis or y-axis, such as angles
with measures 90, 180, 270, and so on, are
called quadrantal angles.

Measure :  3600

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 Coterminal Angles

 A complete rotation of a ray results in an angle

measuring 360. Given angle A, and continuing
the rotation by a multiple of 360 will result in a
different angle, A + n360,with the same
terminal side: coterminal angles.

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 Example: Coterminal Angles

 Find the angles of smallest possible positive

measure coterminal with each angle.
 a) 1115 b) 187
 Add or subtract 360 as may times as needed to
obtain an angle with measure greater than 0 but
less than 360.
 a) 1115  360  755 b) 187  360  173
755  360  395
0
395  360  35 173
0
35
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