Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja

Bahan kuliah blok 23

Iman Permana
Tujuan Pembelajaran
 Mengetahui apa itu definisi K3
 Mengetahui apa itu faktor bahaya
 Mengetahui apa itu health risk assessment
 Mengetahui bagaimana bahaya bisa mempengaruhi kesehatan
pekerja
 Mengetahui bagaimana cara pengendalian dan pengawasan
pengaruh bahaya
 Occupational Health
 hubungan timbal balik antara kesehatan dan
pekerjaan
 ILO/WHO: The promotion and maintenance of
the highest degree of physical, mental and
social well-being of workers in all occupation;
 penekanan utama program kesehatan kerja
adalah pencegahan dan promosi kesehatan
 Fisik
Sosial

Psikis
Apa pentingnya?
Sebaliknya??
Tuntutan ke depan??
 Claim bisa lebih banyak
 Penuntutan terhadap perusahaan
 Claim asuransi naik?
 2002, PT Jamsostek harus membayar 1,5 M kepada beberapa
karyawan PT KPC karena sakit akibat kerja (tuli, HNP, dll)
 Tekanan buyer  produsen sepatu di Karawang harus
mengganti lem
 Dari yang berbasis minyak  berbasis air
 Lebih sehat tapi daya tahan berkurang
Peraturan Perundangan
 Act no 1 - 1970: Occupational Safety.
 Permenaker 02/1980: Health Examination;
 Permenaker 03/1982: Occ. Health Services;
 SE 01/Men/1997: TLV for Chemical Substance;
 Kepmenaker 051/1999: TLV-Physical Factors;
 Kepres no 22, 1993: Work Related Diseases;
 Permenaker 04/1987: OSH Committee;
 Act no 23/92: on Health (art. 23 on OH);
 Act no 3/92: Workers Insurance
 Act no 13/2003 on Manpower Resource.
 Gov’nt Reg. no 23/2000 on Radiation (ionizing) Safety;
 Kepmenkes no 907/2002 on Water quality;
 Kepmenkes 715/2003 Canteen Hygiene.
 Faktor
bahaya

Pengendalian
bahaya
Faktor Bahaya
 Fisik
 Kebisingan, suhu ekstrim, radiasi
 Kimia
 Pelarut, reagen, H2O2
 Biologi
 Virus, bakteri, jamur, parasit
 Ergonomi
 posisi kerja, jam kerja, lama kerja
 Psikologis
 Hubungan dgn teman kerja, atasan-bawahan
Kemaknaan Faktor Bahaya
 Seberapa bahaya:
 Nature of the factor
 Intensitas
 Frekuensi
 Durasi
 Pengawasan
 Lingkungan
 Biomonitoring
Contoh: Hg
 PERATURAN MENTERI PERTAMBANGAN DAN
ENERGI NOMOR r 01.P/76/M.PE/19  bahan
berbahaya
 Durasi ??
 Intensitas??
 Frekuensi??
Pengawasan
 Lingkungan
 Dari sumber
 Sekeliling pekerja
 Monitoring
 Dalam tubuh
 Tingkat kesakitan atau kematian
Hazard Measurement and Exposure
Evaluation

 Noise & Vibration;

 Gas, vapor, dust;
 Thermal stress;
 Radiation;
 Biological;
 Ergonomic;
 Psycho-social;
 TLVs and BEIs
Monitoring
 Pre employment medical check up
 Job-related Health Examination
 Regular medical check up
 Post employment medical check up
 Pengujian Kesehatan Terhadap Pekerja Resiko
Tinggi (contoh)
Group/Exposure: Recommended Tests:
 Noise  Audiometry
 Dusts  Spirometry, Chest X-ray
 Heat Stress  Harvard Step Test; ECG
 Solvent Vapor  Neurological, e.g. Swedish Q16;
Renal function, LFTs, Spirometry,
Bio-monitoring
 Urinalysis, Bio-monitoring
 Welders
 Eye/ear testing, ECG (> 40)
 Drivers
 Feces culture, Chest X-ray
 Canteen Personnel
 Serology for Hep-B, LFTs,
 Medical personnel
 Chest X ray.
HIGH RISK GROUPS

 Exposure to Chemicals, eg. solvents,

heavy metals, free silica, pesticides, etc.
 Exp. to Noise & Vibration;
 Exposure to Radiation;
 Exp. to extreme temperature;
 Special Groups: Food-handlers, Drivers,
Welders, Health personnel, Fire brigade,
etc.
Tingkat Kesakitan
 Ijin sakit
 Rawat inap
Pengendalian Bahaya: PP & 5 tahapan
 Promotif
 Preventif
 Eliminasi
 Substitusi
 Rekayasa teknik
 Pengaturan administratif
 Alat pelindung diri
HEALTH PROMOTION

 Healthy Life Style:

 Healthy diet;
 Physical fitness;
 Smoking;
 Drug and Alcohol;
 Safe sex, AIDS, Hep-B;
 Stress Management;
 Env. and Personal Hygiene
 Environment: TBC, DHF, Malaria; etc.
Preventive Action
 Preventif
 Imunisasi: hepatitis B, influenza
 Olah raga
 Pola makan seimbang
Eliminasi
 Menghilangkan sumber bahaya
 Apakah mungkin?
Substitusi
Rekayasa Teknik
Pengaturan Administratif
 Pembuatan SOP
 Penggunaan jarum suntik
 Penggunaan APD
 Pengaturan jadwal kerja
 Di tempat kebisingan: 85 dB A maks 8 jam
 Penempatan tanda peringatan
Alat Pelindung Diri
 Goggles
 Earplug
 Gloves
 Mask
 Appron
 Hat
 H(SE) Management
System
Leadership and Management Commitment

Management Review
Policy and Strategic
Objectives
Audit

Organization,
Health Protection Responsibilities,
Resource;
Implementation
Health Promotion
Health Risk Assessment
Planning and
Procedure
Komitmen Manajemen
 Usaha promotif & preventif
 Usaha pengawasan dan pengendalian bahaya
 Hearing loss protection program
 Reward and punishment
 Safety award
Rangkuman
 K3 adalah hubungan timbal balik
 Bersifat promotif dan preventif
 Pengenalan bahaya
 Pengendalian dan monitoring
 Komitmen manajemen