PRESENTATION ON

COMPOUNDING OF STEAM
TURBINE
Presented by
Nabin Oliya –BEL/304
Bimal Ghimere –BEL/312
Nabin chaudhary-BEL/319
 INTRODUCTION
• A steam turbine is a device that extracts
thermal energy from pressurized steam and
uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating
output shaft.
• TYPES OF STEAM TURBINE
a)Impulse turbine
b) Reaction turbine
In turbine assembly different types of blades are used.
1. Nozzle
At nozzle pressure is decreases and velocity is
increased.
(for both impulse and reaction turbine)
2.Moving blade
Pressure and velocity depends up on the types of
turbine.
impulse turbine reaction turbine
> pressure don’t drop >pressure drop
>velocity decreases >velocity increases
3.Guide blade or stationary blade or Fixed
Provide the direction of steam from one set of
blade to another set of blade.
 WHY COMPOUNDING IS REQUIRED?
• High pressure and high temperature steam is used in the
power plant to increase their thermal efficiency.
• Now, if the entire energy of the steam is extracted in one
stage, i.e. if the steam is expanded from the boiler
pressure to the condenser pressure in a single stage, then
its velocity will be very high.
>impulse turbine: Drop in pressure of steam takes place
only in nozzles .so steam velocity high.
>reaction: (fixed +moving)-velocity increases the it goes on
supersonic state.
Hence the velocity of the rotor (to which the blades are
keyed) can reach to about 30,000 rpm , as it is is directly
proportional to the velocity of the steam passing over
the blade. which is pretty high for practical uses.
• There is also danger of structural failure of the
blade due to excessive centrifugal stresses.
• The velocity of the steam at the exit of the
turbine is high . This gives a considerable loss
of kinetic energy. Hence, compounding is
needed
 WHAT IS COMPOUMDING?
• Compounding is employed for reducing the rotational
speed of the turbine to practical limits.
• Compounding of steam turbines is the method in
which energy from the steam is extracted in a number
of stages rather than a single stage in a turbine.
• use of a multiple system of rotors, more than one set
ofnozzles, blades, in series keyed to a common shaft so
that either the steam pressure or the jet velocity is
absorbed by the turbine stages. This also reduced the
leaving loss. This process is known as compounding of
steam turbines
• In general “the compounding is the process of reducing
the rotational speed of the turbine shaft to practical
limits
 Types of compounding.
• a) Velocity-compounding.
• b) Pressure-compounding.
• c) Pressure and velocity compounding.
• In the velocity compounding turbines, the compounding
is done for velocity of the steam only.
• A velocity compounded steam turbine consists of a nozzle or a
set of nozzle & rows of moving blades attached to the rotor or
wheel & rows of fixed blades attached to the casing, keyed to
a common shaft.
• High pressure steam is expanded in nozzle(converts the
pressure energy of the steam into kinetic energy )which is
then transferred to first set of moving blades, due the shape
of the blades, it imparts some of its momentum to the blades
and loses some velocity. where steam losses part of its kinetic
energy.
• Fixed blade are guide blades that guide the steam to
succeeding row of fixed blade with out altering pressure and
velocity of steam.
• Eg. Curtis turbine
DISADVANTAGES OF VELOCITY COMPOUNDING
• Due to the high steam velocity there are high friction losses
• Work produced in the low-pressure stages is very less.
• The designing and fabrication of blades which can withstand
such high velocities is difficult.