Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
National 4/5
Units:
• Complete Life on Earth – mid Sept
• Cell Biology – Sept - Dec
• Multicellular Animals – Jan - April
Cells video
• Animal cells
• Plant cells
• Bacterial cells, and
• Fungal cells.
http://www.stancoe.org/patterson/cms/staff/humancheekcellwebpage.htm
Onion Skin Cells
These are onion skin cells viewed at 40x
magnification using a light microscope.
http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/ritchiso/mitochondrion2.gif
Ribosomes
Ribosomes can be found
floating free in the
cytoplasm or attached to
another type of organelle
called Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum or R.E.R. for
short. (you don’t have to
know about R.E.R!)
http://www.cbv.ns.ca/bec/science/cell/page11a.gif
http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/genweb/molecular/theory/translation/ribosome.jpg
Nucleus
Ribosomes Mitochondrion
Cell Membrane
Cell
Wall
Cell Wall
Capsule
Plasmid
Genetic
material
Cell
Membrane
Cell Membrane
Controls the movement of substances into and out of
the cell
Genetic Material Made of DNA and controls the activities of the cell
Plasmid
Circular genetic material. Can convey special
abilities, e.g. a resistance to certain antibiotics.
They can be manipulated by man to produce
bacterial cells that produce useful products e.g.
Insulin, hormones and enzymes.
X 10
X 100
e.g. 2 ÷ 5 = 0.4 mm
So each cell
measures 0.4 mm.
2. Add 4
Test for
drops of
sugar BOILING
BENEDICTS
WATER
SOLUTION
3. If sugar is present it goes from
1. Put sample in test tube – IN a blue to orange
beaker of BOILING National
WATER 4/5 Biology Course Unit 1
Activity
• Perform Benedict’s test and starch test
on the water in the boiling tube from
Diffusion in a Model Cell experiment you
set up last lesson.
• Explain your results in terms of
diffusion. (LO1 assessment).
Oxygen
Glucose
3 33 4 4 4 5
111 2 2 3 3 5 5
1 1 22 22 33 33 3 44
44
44 4 55 5 5
1 1 2 3 33 44 4 5
2 22 3 3 3 444 5 5 5 5
2 2 3 3 33 4 4 5 55 5
3 3 3 4 4 5 55
43 5 4 4 5
5 5
Increased
Loss of
cell contact Ability to move
division = inhibition – - metastasis
more cells the cells no
longer stay Escape from immune
National in4/5
Loss of DNA oneBiology
place Course Unit 1 = cells not
surveillance
Repair destroyed
Cancer cells – Research Task
1. Find out the meaning of the following terms…
• Benign
• Malignant
• Metastasis
2. Research a type of cancer and find out the following:
• What part of the body does this cancer affect?
• What are the clinical symptoms?
• How common is this cancer (in the UK)?
• What is the treatment given for this cancer?
• What research is being done on this cancer?
• Is there a charity fundraising to help support people
affected by this type of cancer?
DNA video
DNA
DNA molecules are large and complex. They carry the
genetic code that determines the characteristics of a
living thing.
Genes
Think back to the last section!
DNA
Phosphate
Group
Organic
Base
Deoxyribose
Sugar
Copy this diagram into your jotters.
G-C
and
A-T
CAUTION!!
Hydrogen
peroxide is a
dangerous
chemical.
Safety goggles
must be worn!!
Nothing – “CONTROL”
Potato
Carrot
Liver
Phosphorylase
Glucose-1-phosphate Starch
Catalase
Phosphorylase
Amylase
Pepsin
Lipase
Enzyme
Turned into
Enzyme
the products
Enzyme
Starch + water
Starch + amylase
Starch + Pepsin
Starch + Lipase
National 4/5 Biology Course Unit 1
Conclusion
The test-tube containing Starch and
Amylase had the most sugar.
0 oC
37 oC
80 oC
3ml pH1 buffer 3ml pH4 buffer 3ml pH7 buffer 3ml pH9 buffer 3ml pH 14 buffer
14
National 4/5 Biology Course Unit 1
Conclusion
The optimum pH for the catalase enzyme
is pH _______.
muscular
nerve contraction
impulses building
up large
molecules
carbon
glucose + oxygen water +
dioxide
energy released
ADENOSINE P P P
3 PHOSPHATE
GROUPS
ADP Pi ATP
Carbon e.g.
Dioxide ATP Amino
+ Energy Acids
Energy
Water
RESPIRATION ENERGY WORK
TRANSFER
Energy Energy
Glucose ADP
+ Protein
+ molecule
Oxygen Pi
2ADP + 2Pi
2ATP
Pyruvic Acid
(2x3C)
Matrix Fluid
What is photosynthesis?
Oxygen given
off as waste
Water - from soil
Chlorophyll
ADP + Pi Water
Chemical
energy
ATP Hydrogen + Oxygen
ATP ADP + Pi
Hydrogen
Glucose
Carbon
dioxide Enzyme
controlled
reactions
photosynthesis
Increasing rate
of
Part B
Part A
Further increases in light causes
As light intensity no further increase in the rate of
increases the rate of photosynthesis since the rate is
photosynthesis limited by a shortage of some other
increases. National 4/5factor
Biologye.g.
Course Unit dioxide
carbon 1 or
temperature
Point X Optimum
photosynthesis
Increasing rate
of
Part B
Part A
Further increases in CO2 conc.
As CO2 conc.
causes no further increase in the
increases the rate of
rate of photosynthesis since the
photosynthesis
rate is limited by a shortage of
increases. National 4/5some
Biologyother
Course Unit e.g.
factor 1 light or
temperature
photosynthesis
0.4% CO2
Increasing rate
0.3% CO2
0.2% CO2
of
photosynthesis
Increasing rate
of
Increasing temperature
Part A Part B
As temperature Further increases in
increases the rate temperature results in a drop in
of photosynthesis the rate due to the denaturing
increases. National 4/5of
Biology Course Unit
the enzymes 1 carry out
that
photosynthesis
Photosynthesis and horticulture