Modeling and Analysis of

5 Story Walk-up Residential Building

For Gravity Loads

Ashraf Habibullah and Syed Hassnain

Computers and Structures Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA

 ETABS
A Comprehensive Software for Integrated
Modeling, Analysis and Design of Buildings

Ashraf Habibullah and Syed Hassnain

Computers and Structures Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA

Rigid Frame Structures
Application and Limitations

Ir. M. C. Hee

MCH & Associates

Practical Aspects of
Detailing to BS8110

Ir. M. C. Hee

MCH & Associates

 • Solution Research Center
• Bryan Er
• 65 3241110
• Src@pacific.net.sg

Modeling, Analysis and Design of Buildings CSI, Berkeley, USA

 Modeling and Analysis of
35 Story Office Building
For Lateral and Gravity Loads

Ashraf Habibullah and Syed Hassnain

Computers and Structures Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA

 The Objective

• How to model a simple and small structure in ETABS

• How to define material and member properties
• How to layout and construct the structural framing system
• How model slab with various types of objects and elements
• How to use and benefit from Automatic Floor Meshing and
gravity load transfer to beams and columns
• How to interpret the beam, column and slab results
• How to design beams and columns automatically
• How to transfer slab results to SAFE and design the slab
reinforcement

Modeling, Analysis and Design of Buildings CSI, Berkeley, USA

 Area Objects: Slab
By default uses two-way load transfer
mechanism
Simple RC solid slab
Can also be used to model one way slabs

Modeling, Analysis and Design of Buildings CSI, Berkeley, USA

 Area Object: Deck
Use one-way load transfer mechanism
Metallic Composite Slabs
Includes shear studs
Generally used in association with
composite beams
Deck slabs may be
o Filled Deck
o Unfilled Deck
o Solid Slab Deck

Modeling, Analysis and Design of Buildings CSI, Berkeley, USA

 Area Object: Plank
By default use one-way load transfer
mechanism
Generally used to model pre-cast slabs
Can also be simple RC solid slab

Modeling, Analysis and Design of Buildings CSI, Berkeley, USA

 Basic Floor Modeling Object
• Points
– Columns
– Load Points
– Boundary Point
• Lines
– Beams
• Areas
– Deck: Represents a Steel Metal Deck, One way Load Transfer
– Plank : Represents clearly on-way slab portion
– Slab: Represents one-way or two-way slab portion
– Opening: Represents Openings in Floor

Modeling, Analysis and Design of Buildings CSI, Berkeley, USA

 Automatic Meshing

• ETABS automatically meshes all line objects with frame

section properties into the analysis model
• ETABS meshes all floor type (horizontal) area objects (deck
or slab) into the analysis model
• Meshing does not change the number of objects in the
model
• To mesh line objects with section properties use Edit menu
> Divide Lines
• To mesh area objects with section properties use Edit menu
> Mesh Areas

Modeling, Analysis and Design of Buildings CSI, Berkeley, USA

 Automatic Meshing

• Automatic Meshing of Line Objects

– Frame elements are meshed at locations where other frame
elements attach to or cross them and at locations where point
objects lie on them.
– Line objects assigned link properties are never automatically
meshed into the analysis model by ETABS
– ETABS automatically meshes (divides) the braces at the point
where they cross in the analysis model
– No end releases are introduced.

Modeling, Analysis and Design of Buildings CSI, Berkeley, USA

 Load Transformation

The main issue:

How point loads, line loads and area loads that lie on an area
object in your object-based ETABS model are represented in
the analysis model

There are four distinct types of load transformation in

ETABS for out-of-plane load transformation for floor-type
area objects
• with deck section properties
• with slab section properties that have membrane behavior only
• all other types of area objects
• In-plane load transformation for all types of area objects

Modeling, Analysis and Design of Buildings CSI, Berkeley, USA

 Load Transformation
Area Objects
– load transformation occurs after any 2
1
2
s
1

automatic meshing into the analysis

e4

e4
Edge 1 Edge 1
r

Edg

Edg
model

e2

e2
Edge 3 Edge 3

Edg

Edg
4 4
3 3
– ETABS normalizes the coordinates of a) Quadrilateral Element b) The r and s Axes

the four corner points of the area object

s (1, 1) s (1, 1)
(-1, 1) 1 (-1, 1) (r, s) 1
2 r 2 r
– The normalization is the key P

assumption in this method 4 4

3 (1, -1) 3 (1, -1)
(-1, -1) (-1, -1)

c) Corner Point r-s Coordinates d) Point Load, P

– It is a perfectly valid assumption if the
quadrilateral is a square, rectangular or
a parallelogram Example of transfer of out-of-plane loads
 for other area objects

Modeling, Analysis and Design of Buildings CSI, Berkeley, USA

 Load Transformation

• The load distribution for deck sections is one way, in

contrast to slab sections which are assumed to span in two
directions
• ETABS first automatically meshes the deck into
quadrilateral elements
• Once the meshing is complete ETABS determines the
meshed shell elements that have real beams along them and
those that have imaginary beams
• It also determines which edges of the meshed shell elements
are also edges of the deck.

Modeling, Analysis and Design of Buildings CSI, Berkeley, USA

 The 5-Story Walkup Flats
A B C D E F G
6
5

6.0

6.0

3
2.8
2

2.8
1

4.0 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.0 4.0

Column Layout Plan

Modeling, Analysis and Design of Buildings CSI, Berkeley, USA
 The 5-Story Walkup Flats
A B C D E F G
6
5
C2 C1
C1= 0.3 x 0.8
6.0 C2 = 0.3 x 0.4
4
B1 B1 = 0.25 x 0.4
6.0 B2 = 0.25 x 0.5
B2
3 S1 = 0.15
2.8
2

2.8
1

4.0 4.0 5.5 5.5 4.0 4.0

Slab and Beam Layout
Modeling, Analysis and Design of Buildings CSI, Berkeley, USA
 The 5-Story Walkup Flats

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.5

2.0

6 5 4 3 2 1

Section
Modeling, Analysis and Design of Buildings CSI, Berkeley, USA
 35 Story Office Building
5

7.0

8.0

8.0

7.0 Plan
Typical Floor
1
(B1, B2, 4-35)
6.0 6.0 8.0 8.0 6.0 6.0
A B C D E F G

Modeling, Analysis and Design of Buildings CSI, Berkeley, USA

 35 Story Office Building
5

7.0

8.0

8.0

7.0 Plan
Floor 1-2
1

6.0 6.0 8.0 8.0 6.0 6.0

A B C D E F G

Modeling, Analysis and Design of Buildings CSI, Berkeley, USA

 35 Story Office Building
5

7.0

8.0

8.0

7.0 Plan
Floor 3
1

6.0 6.0 8.0 8.0 6.0 6.0

A B C D E F G

Modeling, Analysis and Design of Buildings CSI, Berkeley, USA

 35 Story Office Building

32 @ 3.5

2 @ 5.0

Section at 2 @ 2.8
C and D
5 4 3 2 1

Modeling, Analysis and Design of Buildings CSI, Berkeley, USA

 35 Story Office Building

32 @ 3.5

2 @ 5.0

Section at 2 @ 2.8
B and E
5 4 3 2 1

Modeling, Analysis and Design of Buildings CSI, Berkeley, USA

 35 Story Office Building

32 @ 3.5

2 @ 5.0

Section at 2 @ 2.8
A and G
5 4 3 2 1

Modeling, Analysis and Design of Buildings CSI, Berkeley, USA