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ADRIANO
Born of Naples Italy to an influential and landed
family
Serve as an adviser to the Papal Court
Famous work : Summa Theologica
Contributed to the emergence of Scholasticism.
All about fusing faith and reason.
What’s important with scholasticism??
Its the combination of God’s will and Human will
(capacity to exercise reason)
According to St Thomas, Faith and Reason can co-exist
since they both come from God. But faith is still
dominant because its based on revealed truth while
reason is founded on human insight.
Revealed truth is nothing less than perfect while
human insight can never be perfect
Aquinas view man the same as Aristotle where man is
both social and political being.
Associations are formed because of social impulse in
men. There must be some order by which man’s social
and political life is organized which is the function of
the state.
A good life for Aquinas consist of virtuous life, a life
founded and based on relationship with God and on
the enjoyment of God.
Good life can only be achieved once man is in possession
of God.
Laws are created with one objective : to attain common
good. Common good is the welfare of the entire
community.
Aquinas identified four types of laws according to their
scope and origin
Eternal law
Natural law
Divine law
Human law
Law that governs the Divine law and all animate and
inanimate things in it. It covers all things that are
governed by Divine Providence. As such, eternal law is
sometimes seen as being beyond the comprehension
of human being because it is based on Divine reason –
reason of God.
Law in which Aquinas describe as results from the
participation of eternal law in the rational creature
that is man. This applies only to the “rational
creatures” or those who are capable of exercising
reason. Among all God’s creatures, it is man that can
exercise reason. Natural law governs those things to
which a man is naturally inclined.
The expression of God’s divine will. It is the law that
directs man to live the virtuous life. This type of law is
given by God to man to tell him what to do and what
not to do. Since human judgment is characterized by
uncertainty, laws that based on human reason often
conflict with each other. It is divine law that reconciles
conflicting laws. Divine law may be seen as that part of
eternal law that has been revealed to man through the
bible for instance.
Governs practical matters that arise in man’s every day
life. It deals with the more particular determination of
certain matters and is devised by human reason. We
can summarized the characteristics of human law as
follows:
Human law is derived from the law of nature
Human law is geared towards the common good
Human law is framed by the one who governs the
community
Human law seeks to direct human action
The important element of law is promulgation.
Refers to the act of making something public – in this
case we are referring to the process of making a certain
law public.
If you do not know the law how can one follow it?