3G Training

Module
 Content
• Fundamentals of 3G
• Evolution in 3G technology.
• Service types
• Basic of layering architecture in 3G.
• 3G Call Flow (PS and CS Services).
• 3G Channels(Logical, Transport and Physical Channel).
• 3G KPI- Accessibility, Retainability, Mobility, Quality etc.
• Major Reports to Check the KPI’s and troubleshooting.
• Major Issue in NW and Troubleshooting.
• BTS and RNC Dimensioning with Licensing
Evolution
 Service Class

Conversational Background Interactive Streaming

 Fundamental/Key
Concept
• CPICH RSCP and Path loss(with CPICH Power), RSSI,
CPICH Ec/Io, EcNo, BLER.
• Codes :- PSC/CC.
• Coding rate, Modulation Scheme.
• Code Tree Optimization.
• Power Control mechanism.
• Radio Resource Management.
• Little i and Pilot Pollution and there relation with
Radio Quality.
• SHO Overhead
Load Control
• LC performs the function of load control in association with AC & PS
• LC updates load status using measurements & estimations provided by AC and PS
• Continuously feeds cell load information to PS and AC;
•Interference levels (UL)
•BTS power level (DL)

Admission control
•Admission decision of new connections
•Take into account current load conditions (from LC) and load of new connection
•Real-time higher priority than non-real time
•In overload conditions new connections may be rejected
•Connection QoS definition
•Bit rate, BER target etc.
•Connection specific power allocation (Initial, maximum and minimum power)

Packet Scheduler :-
PS allocates available capacity after RT connections to NRT connections
•Each cell separately
•Based on QoS priority level of the connection
•In overload conditions bit rates of NRT connections decreased
•PS selects allocated channel type (common, dedicated or HSPA)
•PS relies on up-to-date information from AC and LC
•Capacity allocated on a needs basis using „best effort‟ approach
•RT higher priority
Radio Resource Management
• Code Tree management
• Responsible for managing the logical radio resources of the RNC in co-operation with
AC and PS .
• On request for resources, from either AC(RT) or PS(NRT), RM allocates:
•DL Spreading Code (Channelization Codes)
•UL Scrambling Code.

Hand over Control

•HC is responsible for:

•Managing the mobility aspects of an RRC connection as UE moves
around the network coverage area & Maintaining high capacity by ensuring UE is
always served by strongest cell
•Soft Handover
•MS handover between different base stations
•Softer Handover
•MS handover within one base station but between different sectors
•Hard Handover
•MS handover B/W different frequencies or between WCDMA and GSM
• Soft/softer handover
•UE is simult. connected to 2 to 3 cells during soft Handover
•Soft Handover (SHO) is performed based on UE cell pilot
power measurements and HO thresholds
•Radio link performance is improved during soft handover
•Soft Handover consumes BS and Tx Resources
•“SHO Macro Diversity Combining Gain (MDC) Gain” as gain of
different transmission paths by RAKE Receiver
Power Control Mechanism
Power control functionality can be divided to three main types
•Open loop power control
•Initial power calculation based on DL pilot level/Path Loss
measurement by UE
•Outer (closed) loop power control
•Connection quality measurement (BER, BLER) and comparison to
QoS target
•RF quality target (SIR target) setting for fast closed loop PC based
on connection quality
•Fast closed loop power control
•Radio link RF quality (SIR) measurement and comparison to RF
quality target (SIR target)
•Power control command transmission based on RF quality
evaluation
•Change of transmit power according to received power control
command
 Parameter 40W 20W
PtxCellMax 460 430
PtxDLabsMax 400 370
PtxHighHSDPAPwr 455 425
PtxMaxHSDPA 460 430
PtxPSstreamAbsMax 400 370
PtxTarget 450 420
PtxTargetHSDPA 430 385
PtxTargetPSMax 445 415
PtxTargetPSMin 445 415
PtxPrimaryCPICH 350 330
Code, Modulation and Thp Relation
Radio interface Channels
organization
Logical Channel :- Data Transfer between RLC and MAC Layer.
Mac Layer Provides the mapping b/w Logical and Transport Channel.
Defines the type of information being transferred- Control or traffic CH.
Control Channel is responsible for RRC Signaling messages.
Traffic Channel is responsible for Application data.
Transport Channel(UE & TBS)
• Data transfer between Mac and Physical Layer
• Physical Layer maps the transport CH to Physical CH.
• Defines how information is transferred, categorize either common or dedicated. Common CH is used
by multiple or single UE. Common channel includes BCH, PCH,RACH, FACH and HS-DSCH while
dedicated Channel includes DCH & E-DCH.
• Transport CH has TF, TFS and TFCI. TF define the data rate transfer between Mac and Physical layer.
• BCH, PCH,RACH and FACH by Semi Static Parameter(TTI, CRC, Channel coding etc. while Dynamic
Parameter(TB Size and TBS Size). TBS is always multiple of TB. TB is Equivalent to Mac-PDU.
• HS-DSCH has some Static (not Semi Static) but Dynamic parameter are TB Size & TBS Size ,
Modulation type etc. HS-DSCH has TBS equal to TB Size and only one single transport block is
transferred between MAC and Physical Layer. Node B select the appropriate TB when UE is scheduled
in the TTI. Dynamic Parameter is signaled to UE by HS-SCCH CH.
• A specific combination of transport format across different transport format is known TFCS.
• HS-DSCH is always mapped to one or more HS-PDSCH and may transfer control plane signaling or user
data. If no control plane data then for the signaling it will use DCH channel.
• DCH is always able to transfer higher data compared to RACH and FACH. FACH can be used as FACH-c,
FACH-u and FACH-s.
• E-DCH can be used only when UE is in DCH State and for control as well as user plane. Mac e/es is
used to map DTCH and DCCH on E-DCH.
• TTI defines the inter arrival time of TBS between Mac and Physical Layer. TTI and TBS together define
the bit rate at the to of Physical layer. Mac Layer can take the decision to change the TBS/bit rate on
each TTI.
• TF Selected is signaled to Node B is by using Frame Protocol Data Frame and at Air interface by TFCI
using DPCCH.
• Two Transport Channel is mapped on single Physical
channel
Physical Channel
• Used across Air interface and can be used in dedicated or common mode.
• HS-PDSCH, HS-SCCH(max 4 1 in case of no code multiplexing, code
deficiency as UE capability involved SF 128) and HS-DPCCH is used for
HSDPA Services.
• CPICH is used to transmit the PSC and used for cell Selection and Cell
Reselection. Soft HO is based on CPICH Measurement. SF 256. used as
phase reference for SCH, PCCPCH,SCCPCH,DPCH, PICH and AICH.
Secondary CPICH as optional for beamforming. CPICH transmit power on
PCCPCH under SIB5 and Cell Selection under SIB3.
• P-SCH(10% of every time Slot) and used for Slot Synchronization and S-SCH
is used for Cell Synchronization. SCH is a series of 15 sequence and is used
for slot synchronization. BFN and Cell SFN has time offset define by Tcel
Parameter.
• P-CCPCH is used to broadcast system information using BCH and BCCH
CH.(SF-256)
• SCCPCH is used for PCH and FACH Transport and multiple SCCPCH is used
for separate FACH and PCH. SF (4 to 256).
• PICH is used to indicate Paging indicator to UE every DRX Cycle length.
• AICH is used to indicate the Ack of PRACH Preamble.
3G Call Flow– PS and CS
3G KPI
Phases of RRC • RRC Radio conn.
Management.
• Radio bearer
control
• Connection
Mobility
• Measurement
Report
Major Reports
• HS Credit reduction :-
• Node-B grants credits to each flow based on the reported channel quality and the
measured average throughput of the flows.
• That is HS credit is the number of PDUs the Node B ask the RNC to grant, this Credit
may be affected by the following :-
• A.> Iub Delay.
• B.> Iub Congestion.
• C.> Frame Loss
• D.> Mac hs Buffer Filling.
Related Counters :-
 HS-DSCH CREDIT REDUCTIONS DUE TO IUB DELAY (M5000C176).
 HS-DSCH CREDIT REDUCTIONS DUE TO SEVERE IUB DELAY(M5000C177 ).
 HS-DSCH CREDIT REDUCTIONS DUE TO FRAME LOSS(M5000C178 ).
 HS-DSCH CREDIT REDUCTIONS DUE TO MAC-HS BUFFER FILLING(M5000C179).
 ICSU load Optimization
Object Parameter Name Current Value Recommended Value
RNC TrafVolThresholdULLow 512 1024
WCEL TrafVolThresholdDLLow 256 512

TrafVolThresholdDLLow :-This parameter defines, in bytes, the threshold of data in

the RLC buffers of SRB3, SRB4 and all NRT RBs that triggers the downlink traffic volume
measurement report (capacity request) on MAC, when UE is in Cell_FACH state. UE
send data on FACH.

TrafVolThresholdULLow :- This parameter defines, in bytes, the threshold of data in

the RLC buffers of SRB0, SRB1, SRB2, SRB3, SRB4 and all NRT RBs that triggers the
uplink traffic volume measurement report, when the UE is in Cell_FACH state.
Otherwise, UE sends data on RACH.
 SBHO
MO Parameter Changed MO Object Parameter Name Recommended
FMCG GSMcauseCPICHEcNo 0(Disabled) RNMOBI SLHOUseConvCSSpeech 2
FMCG GSMcauseCPICHrscp 0(Disabled)
RNMOBI SLHOprofileConvCSspeech 1
FMCG GSMcauseTxPwrDL 0(Disabled)
FMCG GSMcauseTxPwrUL 0(Disabled)
FMCG GSMcauseUplinkQuality 0(Disabled)

MO Object Parameter Name Setting

WCEL ServHOPeriodInterRAT 0
WCEL ServHOnumbUEinterRAT 1
WCEL MaxNumberUECmSLHO 6
Smart Phone Issue &Optimization
• Fast dormancy takes the UE into the cell PCH or URA PCH State when data Session
ends. Cell PCH State has less battery consumption and reduces the signaling load
compared to Idle State.
• UE Send Signaling connection Release indication(SCRI) message with “Signaling
connection Release indication cause” to end the PS Data session to RNC. RNC
Receive the message and immediately change the UE RRC State.
•
 RNC and BTS Dimensioning
• Capacity for RNC/WBTS
• Major License for RNC/WBTS
• Air Capacity Expansion
• BTS Capacity Expansion
• RNC Capacity Expansion
RNC-UPE
Circle RNC Name RNC Capacity(HW) RNC MODEL HW Step Size SW Capacity loaded

UPE RGKP904 2000 C-RNC-2600 Step 3 1637

UPE RKNP902 2000 C-RNC-2600 Step 3 1901
UPE RLKO901 2000 C-RNC-2600 Step 3 1906
UPE RLKO905 3000 mcRNC S3-B2 1650
UPE RVNS903 2000 C-RNC-2600 Step 3 1800
UPE RVNS906 3000 mcRNC S3-B2 850
UPE 5000 mcRNC S7-B2
Network Complain &
Troubleshooting
Thank you !!