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Semana 1
Introducción y conceptos clave.
Panorama energético local y global.
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Laws of Thermodynamics
•0th Law: If two systems are separately in thermal equilibrium with a third, then
they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other
•Definition of temperature

•1st Law: The energy of an isolated system is constant

•Conservation of energy

•2nd Law: The entropy of an isolated system increases

•Energy always flows from high ‘concentration’ to low ‘concentration’, e.g. T for heat flow, P
for work flow
Source: AES
Lecture
•3rd Law: The entropy of a system approaches zero as the temperature (Webley, P.), The
approaches absolute zero University of
Melbourne,
2014
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Perú: Mercado Eléctrico – 2004
Potencia

60%
40%

Source: http://www.coes.org.pe/dataweb/2004/dtr/estadistica/anual/Equipamiento/Centrales.htm
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Perú: Mercado Eléctrico – 2016
Potencia
Sum of Sum of Sum of Sum of
POTENCIA POTENCIA Share, POTENCIA POTENCIA
Row Labels Row Labels Share, %
INSTALADA EFECTIVA % INSTALADA EFECTIVA
(MW) (MW)
(MW) (MW)
Hydro 4,948 4,858 40% 40.2%
Biomass 69 36 0.3%
Natural Gas 4,362 4,079 33.8%
Coal 135 142 1.2% Oil 2,923 2,624
55% 21.7%
Hydro 4,948 4,858 40.2% Other 543 517 4.3%
Natural Gas 4,362 4,079 33.8% Grand Total 12,775 12,078 100.0%
Oil 2,923 2,624 21.7%
Sum of Sum of
Solar 96 96 0.8%
POTENCIA POTENCIA
Wind 243 243 2.0% Row Labels Share, %
INSTALADA EFECTIVA
Grand Total 12,775 12,078 100.0% (MW) (MW)
Non-Renewable 7,419 6,845 56.7%
Elab. Propia Renewable 5,356 5,233 43.3%
Grand Total
Source: http://www.coes.org.pe/Portal/Publicaciones/Estadisticas/ 12,775 12,078 100.0%
Cuadro No 3.1_POTENCIA INSTALADA Y EFECTIVA EMPRESAS INTEGRANTES COES A DIC2016
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Perú: Mercado Eléctrico – 2016
Potencia
POTENCIA EFECTIVA
(MW)
517 (4%)

2,624 (22%) 4,858 (40%)

4,079 (34%)

Hydro Natural Gas Oil Other

Elab. Propia
Source: http://www.coes.org.pe/Portal/Publicaciones/Estadisticas/
Cuadro No 3.1_POTENCIA INSTALADA Y EFECTIVA EMPRESAS INTEGRANTES COES A DIC2016
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Perú: Mercado Eléctrico – 2016
Energía
CUADRO N° 5.2 A

POR TIPO DE GENERACIÓN

2016
ENERGÍA PARTICIPACIÓN
TIPO
(GW.h) (% )
HIDROELÉCTRICA 23 009.6 47.61
TERMOELÉCTRICA 24 020.8 49.71
SOLAR 241.8 0.50
EÓLICO 1 054.1 2.18
TOTAL 48 326.4 100.00

Elab. Propia
Source: http://www.coes.org.pe/Portal/Publicaciones/Estadisticas/
Cuadro No 5.2A_POR TIPO DE GENERACIÓN 2016
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Mercado Eléctrico Global – 1973 vs. 2015
Energía

Source: Key World

Energy Statistics
2017 - IEA
Source: IEA, Electricity Information Overview 2017 in Source: fb site of the IEA, January 29 at 1:40pm
 access to clean
cooking

Source: fb site of the IEA, February 7 at 12:05pm

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PBI Global vs. Energía

Source: BP
Energy Outlook
2017
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Perú: PBI vs. Energía

Source: Osinergmin 2016, “La Industria de la Electricidad en el Perú”