CHAPTER 3:

Coordination
and
response
 3.1 HOMEOSTASIS IN LIVING THINGS

HOMEOSTASIS ??
Maintenance of the internal
environment in the body of an
organism to be in a balanced and
stable condition
temperature water pH Blood pressure
Allow living processes in body  work well
Temperature too high cells in organism may die
THERMOSTAT in water heater detects
the temperature

Switch on  if temperature too low

Switch off  if temperature too high
 HOMEOSTATIC CONTROL PROCESS

Control Corrective

decreases
Increases

centre mechanism

Normal Temperature Range Normal Temperature Range

Decreases

increases
Control Corrective
centre mechanism
 Regulation of water content

Detected by Corrective mechanism

hormonekidney
the brain

decreases
produce more urine
Increases

Normal Water Level Normal Water Level

Decreases

increases
Detected by Corrective mechanism
the brain -hormonekidney
produce less urine
-Feel thirsty
 Regulation of body temperature

Detected by Corrective mechanism

-blood vessel dilate
the brain

decreases
-hairs lie flat
Increases

-Increase sweating
-hormone/skeletal activity
reduced
-less urine

Normal Temperature (37oC) Normal Temperature (37oC)

Corrective mechanism
Decreases

increases
-blood vessel constrict
-hairs stand erect
-Decrease sweating
Detected by -hormone/skeletal activity
the brain will be active
-more urine
HOMEOSTASIS IN ANIMALS

They have no
sweat gland.
How they
maintain
homeostasis?
 Lick fur to
reduce body
temperature
 dog hang tongue
cat's fur stand out to decrease
eract when temperature
cold
COLD SURROUNDING
• Body activity slower
• Body temperature

HOT SURROUNDING
• Body activity faster
• Body temperature
• Snail loses water  on skin surface
• Looks for humid places
• Has waxy skin layer
• Loss water vapourthrough spiracles
• Closes spiracles between 2 breathing movement
 HOMEOSTASIS IN PLANTS

Afternoon evening
(leaves roll up to avoid excessive
water loss)
 TRANSPIRATION
Process which water (in the form
of water vapour) from plants are
lost to the surrounding through
the stoma
 During the day When temperature too high
Stoma opens enable more Stoma closes reduce
water to be evaporated water evaporated
 IMPORTANCE OF HOMEOSTASIS TO HUMANS
AND LIVING THINGS
• Provide optimum conditions
• Maintained in a balanced and stable condition
• Without homeostasis: