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kf unit = m/s.
kf is not an intrinsic property of the system.
1 Ci
Equating these two relations: kf
S CS Co Dij dS
y y 0
S
Mass Transfer Coefficient
Non-dimensionalization:
Ci y
C
*
y
*
C s C0 L
Results:
kf L 1 C *
* dS
Dij S s y y* 0
Ci Ci
N ir Dij Dij
y 0
y y 0
M
Prandtl, 1905
Boundary Layer
•High Reynolds Number Flow.
•Two length scales
1. Far from surface, viscous forces are unimportant
and inertial forces dominate.
2. Near the surface, viscous forces are comparable
to inertial forces
Boundary Layer
Approach:
1. Perform scaling for two dimensional flow for a
boundary layer of thickness in y direction and a
length scale L in the x direction.
2. Derive the “boundary layer” equations
3. Examine approximate solutions to obtain boundary
layer thickness and shear stress
4. Apply to mass transfer boundary layers
5. Estimate mass transfer coefficients
Conservation of mass and Navier-Stokes equation for 2-D
High Re laminar flow over a plate
v*
Conservation of mass becomes: Uo v +
*
x V y
=0
L x y * *
P ~ U 2o
This result should not be too surprising since we had used
it before.
Use the assumption that 2/L2<<1. The y component of the
conservation of linear momentum yields
P *
0
y *
vx vy
Conservation of mass + =0
x y
x-component v vx + v vx = U(x) dU(x) + vx
2
x x y
y dx y 2
(x) = ax Re-1/2
x
-bµU o 1/2
w = Rex
x
The first issue that confronts us is that there are now two
length scales in the y direction, the momentum boundary
thickness and the concentration boundary layer
layer M
thickness C. This is important because:
U o C 3 * C* * C *
2 *
C
v x * + v y * ~
Dij L M x y y * 2
Since diffusive and convective transport are equally important,
the non-dimensionalization indicates that
Uo C 3
~1
Dij L M
c L2 / 3 m1/ 3 Pe1/ 3 L2 / 3 ( L Re 1/ 2 )1/ 3 (Re Sc)1/ 3 LSc 1/ 3 Re 1/ 2
c LSc 1/ 3
Re 1/ 2
m Sc 1/ 3
1 Ci
kf
S CS Co Dij dS
y y 0
S
Dij Dij
Sh Cs C0 0.323 Cs C0 Re loc
1/ 2
Sc1/ 3
L L