Cultural Studies

By Ima Masofa,S.S,M.Pd (085748528797)

Cultural Studies

Focus on pluralism, multiculturalism and

naturalism
Reject hegemony
Cultural Studies approach to culture is not
based on textualism but contextualism
Culture

 According to Raymond Williams

 1. as artistic activity
 ex. engaging in music, literature, theatre, film,
painting
 2. as way of life
 Ex. to study culture is to study the meaning of a style
of dress, a norm, a language
 3. as a process of development
 Ex. barter change money
Cultural Studies

 Cultural studies deals with culture as a part of everyday life.

 “Different nations have developed different kinds of cultural studies.”

 Focus on Multiculturalism
Founding Father

Raymond William explains idea of marxism

Analyze Raymond William in Orwell’s
Animal Farm
Look for animals who refuse
hegemony,critique to otoriter life
Social Science and Branches in
Cultural Studies
Literary Criticism (newcriticism,reader
response)

Apply Literary Criticism in Steinbeck’s The

Grapes of Wrath
Semiotics

Study of signs and symbols as elements of

communicative behavior
Analyze Semiotics in John Steinbeck’s The
Grapes of Wrath
Okies as pejorative name
Discursive Analysis

Part of Discourse
Study of of the rules of appropriate
language use in communication situation
Apply Discursive Analysis in John
Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath
American Dream as discourse of
Multiculturalism to change destiny to
achieve better life
British Cultural Studies

Open in pluralism,naturalism, and

multiculturalism
Apply British Cultural Studies in Jane Austen’s
Pride and Prejudice
Refuse matchmaker as pluralism
Today,England accepts Moslem Mayor
Orientalism

Characteristic of people of Asia especially

east
Edward Said idea that western
stereotypes to orient
Apply orientalism in Foster’s Passage to
India
Focus on third world
Stereotypes of Oriental and Post
Colonial Discourse
 Streotype is simplified and standardized conception or
image with special meaning
 To characterize Orient (third world countries)
 Gayatri Cakraborthy Spivak’s Idea: Double Oppression
for woman, Subaltern (Marginal Culture)
 Homi Bhabha’s Idea: Mimicry (imitation: color red on
your hair, eat burger, white skin),Hybridity (blending:
praying uses jeans),and Ambivalence (Confused feeling,
want A but do B,western style, rasional but doesn’t
believe in God but believe in a woman who has hole in
her back)
Media and Culture

As tool to know multiculturalism,

pluralism,naturalism and refuse
hegemony
Globalization

1.Act of extending to other or all parts

of world
2.Apply negative and positive
globalization in Adiga’s the white tiger
Diaspora

Migration as minority among people

Apply Diaspora in Jeffrey Archer’s Kane and
Abel
Women and Gender

Social Construction
Apply Gender in Steinbeck’s The Grapes
of Wrath
Race and Identity

 Race is a group of persons related by common heredity

 Identity is individuality, personality,distinctiveness, and
uniqueness
 Apply Race and Identity in Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin
 Stowe as England woman refuses slavery and white
power, she supports multiculturalism