Trigonometry

John Ryan D. Regalario, ECE

Trigonometry

1.1 Plane Angle & Angle Measurements

1.2 Solution to Right Triangles
1.3 The Six Trigonometric Functions
1.4 Solution to Oblique Triangles
1.5 Area of Triangles
1.6 Trigonometric Identities
1.7 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
1.8 Spherical Trigonometry
Plane Angle & Angle Measurements

A plane angle is determined by rotating a ray (half-line)

about its endpoint called vertex.

Conversion Factors:
1 revolution = 360 degrees
= 2π radians
= 400 gradians
= 6400 mils
Types of Angles
Q-1 The measure of 2.25 revolutions
counterclockwise is

A. -835º C. -810º
B. 805º D. 810º
Conversion Factors:
1 revolution = 360 degrees
= 2π radians
= 400 gradians
= 6400 mils
Q-2 4800 mils is equivalent to
__________degrees.

A. 135 C. 235
B. 270 D. 142

Conversion Factors:
1 revolution = 360 degrees
= 2π radians
= 400 gradians
= 6400 mils
Q-3 An angular unit equivalent to 1/400 of the
circumference of a circle is called:

A. degree C. radian
B. mil D. grad
Conversion Factors:
1 revolution = 360 degrees
= 2π radians
= 400 gradians
= 6400 mils
Q-4 Find the complement of the angle whose
supplement is 152º.

A. 28º C. 118º
B. 62º D. 38º
Q-5 A certain angle has an explement 5 times
the supplement. Find the angle. [ECE Board
Nov.2002]

A. 67.5 degrees C. 135 degrees

B. 108 degrees D. 58.5 degrees
Q-6 What is the reference angle and one
coterminal angle , respectively of 135º.

A. -45º, -225º RELATED ANGLES – angles

that have the same absolute
B. -45º, 225º values for their trigonometric
C. 45º, 225º functions. The acute angle is the
D. 45º, -225º reference angle.
Ex. 20, 160, 200, 340
 Right Triangles

The Pythagorean Theorem:

“In a right triangle, the square of the length
of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of
the squares of the lengths of the legs”

c2 = a2 + b2
Note:
In any triangle, the sum of any two sides must be
greater than the third side; otherwise no triangle can
be formed.

If,

c 2  a2  b2  The triangle is right

c 2  a2  b2  The triangle is obtuse
c 2  a2  b2  The triangle is acute
Trigonometric Functions

opposite o adjacent a
sin    c ot   
hypotenuse h opposite o
adjacent a hypotenuse h
cos    sec   
hypotenuse h adjacent a
opposite o hypotenuse h
tan    csc   
adjacent a opposite o

SOH-CAH-TOA
Sine Functions

opposite o
sin   
hypotenuse h
Q-7 The sides of a triangular lot are130 m,
180 m and 190 m. This lot is to be divided by a
line bisecting the longest side and drawn from
the opposite vertex. Find the length of this line.
1
median  2side2  2side2  opposite2
2
A. 120 m C. 122 m
B. 130 m D. 125 m

ALtitude – perpendicular to opposite side (Intersection: ORTHOCENTER)

Angle Bisector – bisects angle (Intersection: INCENTER)
Median – vertex to midpoint of opposite side (Intersection: CENTROID)
Q-8 The angle of elevation of the top of the
tower from a point 40 m. from its base is the
complement of the angle of elevation of the
same tower at a point 120 m. from it. What is
the height of the tower?

A. 59.7 C. 69.3
B. 28.5 D. 47.6


 90  
Q-9 One leg of a right triangle is 20 cm and
the hypotenuse is 10 cm longer that the other
leg. Find the length of the hypotenuse.

A. 10 C. 25
B. 15 D. 20
Q-10 A man finds the angle of elevation of the
top of a tower to be 30 degrees. He walks 85
m nearer the tower and finds its angle of
elevation to be 60 degrees. What is the height
of the tower ? [ECE Board Apr. 1998]

A. 76.31 m C. 73.16 m
B. 73.31 m D. 73.61 m

30

30 60
Oblique Triangles

The Sine Law

a b c
 
sin A sinB sinC

When to use Sine Law:

• Given two angles and any side.
• Given two sides and an angle opposite one of them .
The Cosine Law
S tandard Form : Alternative Form :
b2  c 2  a2
a  b  c  2bc CosA
2 2 2
cos A 
2bc
a2  c 2  b2
b2  a2  c 2  2ac CosB cosB 
2ac
a2  b2  c 2
c 2  b2  c 2  2bc cosC cosC 
2ab

Use the Laws of Cosine if:

Given three sides
Given two sides and their included angle
Q-11 In a triangle, find the side c if angle C
= 100 , side b = 20 and side a = 15

A. 28 C. 29
B. 27 D. 26
Q-12 Points A and B 1000 m apart are plotted on
a straight highway running east and west. From
A , the bearing of a tower C is 32 degrees W of N
and from B the bearing of C is 26 degrees N of
E . Approximate the shortest distance of tower C
to the highway. [ECE Board Apr. 1998:]

A. 364 m C. 394 m
B. 374 m D. 384 m
Q-13 A PLDT tower and a monument stand on a
level plane . The angles of depression of the top
and bottom of the monument viewed from the top
of the PLDT tower are 13 and 35 respectively.
The height of the tower is 50 m. Find the height
of the monument.

A. 33.51 m C. 47.30 m
B. 7.58 m D. 30.57 m
13
35

50
Area of Triangles
Q-14 Given a right triangle ABC. Angle C is the
right angle. BC = 4 and the altitude to the
hypotenuse is 1 unit. Find the area of the
triangle. ECE Board Apr.2001:

A. 2.0654 sq. u. C.1.0654 sq. u.

B. 3.0654 sq. u. D.4.0654 sq. u.
Q-15 In a given triangle ABC, the angle C is
34°, side a is 29 cm, and side b is 40 cm.
Solve for the area of the triangle.

A. 324.332 cm2 C. 317.15 cm2

B. 344.146 cm2 D. 343.44 cm2
Q-16 A right triangle is inscribed in a circle such
that one side of the triangle is the diameter of a
circle. If one of the acute angles of the triangle
measures 60 degrees and the side opposite that
angle has length 15, what is the area of the
circle? ECE Board Nov. 2002

A. 175.15 C. 235.62
B. 223.73 D. 228.61
Q-17 The sides of a triangle are 8 cm , 10 cm,
and 14 cm. Determine the radius of the
inscribed and circumscribing circle.

A. 3.45, 7.14 C. 2.45, 8.14

B. 2.45, 7.14 D. 3.45, 8.14
Q-18 Two triangles have equal bases. The altitude
of one triangle is 3 cm more than its base while
the altitude of the other is 3 cm less than its base.
Find the length of the longer altitude if the areas of
the triangle differ by 21 square centimeters.

A. 10 C. 14
B. 20 D. 15
 Reciprocal relation :
1 1 1
sin u  cos u  tan u 
csc u sec u cot u

Trigonometric Identities
Quotient relation
sin u
tan u 
cos u

Pythagorean relation
sin2 u  cos 2 u  1

Addition & subtraction formula

sin  u  v   sin u cos v  cos u sin v
cos  u  v   cos u cos v sin u sin v
tan u  tan v
tan  u  v  
1 tan u tan v
Double Angle formula :
sin 2u  2 sin u cos u
cos 2u  2 cos 2 u  1
2 tan u
tan 2u 
1  tan2 u
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

The Inverse Sine Function

y = arc sin x iff sin y = x
The Inverse Cosine Function
y = arc cos x iff cos y = x
The Inverse Tangent Function
y = arc tan x iff tan y = x
Q-19 If sec 2A = 1 / sin 13A, determine the
angle A in degrees

A. 5 degrees C. 3 degrees
B. 6 degrees D. 7 degrees
COFUNCTION RELATIONS SOLUTION:
1
sec 2 A 
sin   cos  90    sin13 A
1 1
cos   sin(90   ) 
cos 2 A sin13 A
tan   cot  90    sin13 A  cos 2 A

sec   csc  90   
cofunction
sin13 A  sin  90  2 A 
csc   sec  90    13 A  90  2 A
A6
Q-20 ECE Board Nov.2003
Simplify the expression
4 cos y sin y (1 – 2 sin2y).

A. sec 2y C. tan 4y
B. cos 2y D. sin 4y
sin 2  2sin  cos 
2 tan 
tan 2 
1  tan 2 
cos 2  cos 2   sin 2   1  2sin 2   2cos 2   1

4 cos y sin y 1  2sin 2 y 

 2  2sin y cos y  1  2sin 2 y 
 2sin 2 y cos 2 y
 sin 4 y
Q-21 ECE Board Nov. 1996:
If sin A = 2.511x , cos A = 3.06x and sin 2A
= 3.939x , find the value of x?

A. 0.265 C. 0.562
B. 0.256 D. 0.625
Q-22
Solve for x if tan 3x = 5 tanx

A. 20.705 C. 15.705
B. 30.705 D. 35.705