R E L AY

Group 3
 RELAY
 Relays were invented in 1835 by
American electromagnetism
pioneer Joseph Henry, in a
demonstration at the College of
New Jersey.
 RELAY
 A relay is an electrically operated switch.
 Current flowing through the coil of the relay
creates a magnetic field which attracts a
lever and changes the switch contacts.
 The coil current can be on or off so relay
have two switch positions and most have
double throw (changeover) switch contacts.
 RELAY
 A relay is an electrically operated switch.
Current flowing through the coil of the relay
creates a magnetic field which attracts a
lever and changes the switch contacts.
 The coil current can be on or off so relays
have two switch positions and they are
double throw (changeover) switches.
RELAY
PARTS OF RELAY
PARTS OF RELAY
R E L AY O P E R AT I O N
 R E L AYO P E R AT I O N
 Relays are a remote control
electrical switch that can be
switched using low current to
control a high current load.
R E L AYO P E R AT I O N
 SYMBOL
 The relay’s switch connections are usually
labeled COM, NC and NO
 COM =Common, always connect to this, it
is the moving part of a switch
 NC = Normally Closed ,COM is connected
to this when the relay coil is off.
 NO = Normally Open ,COM is connected
to this when the relay coil is on
 R E L AY O P E R AT I O N B A S E D
ON LOA D

 Load side. (red)

 Control side. (green)
 R E L AY O P E R AT I O N ( O F F )

 Drawn in natural state.

 Where the voltage present
when load side is open
 R E L AY O P E R AT I O N ( O N )

 When there is current

through the coil of wire on
the control side a magnetic
field is produced.
 This magnetic field closed
the contacts on the load side.
 N O R M A L LY O P E N

 In this relay’s natural state

it is in the normally open
state.
 When the coil is non-
energized the contacts are
open.
N O R M A L LY O P E N
N O R M A L LY O P E N
 N O R M A L LY C L O S E D

 In this relay’s natural state

it is in the normally closed
state.
 When the coil is energized
the contacts closed.
N O R M A L LY C L O S E D
N O R M A L LY C L O S E D
 F I V E P I N R E L AY

 5(Five) pin relay.

 Most common contains
normally open and
normally close contacts.
 F O U R P I N R E L AY

 4(Four) pin relay.

 Contain either normally
open or normally closed.
 T Y P E S O F R E L AY
S W I T C H I N G C O N TA C T S
 S W I T C H R AT I N G S
( V O LTA G E A N D C U R R E N T )
 The relay’s switch must be suitable
for the circuit they are to control. You
will need to check the voltage and
current ratings. Note that the voltage
rating is usually higher for AC,
 Example: “5A at 24V DC or 125V
AC”.
 S W I T C H R AT I N G S
( V O LTA G E A N D C U R R E N T )
RELAYS
A D VA N TA G E S O F R E L AY S

 Relays can be used on AC and DC.

 Relays are often a better choice for
switching large currents.
 It is easy to tell when a relay is
operating.
 Relays come in all shapes and sizes.
 D I S A D VA N TA G E S O F
R E L AY S
 They cannot be switched on and
off at high speeds.
 The contacts becoming worn,
resulting in a limited lifespan.
 Relays are bulkier than transistors
for switching small currents.
 A P P L I C AT I O N S

 The Electromagnetic relays are employed for

the protection of various AC and DC
equipment's.
 In the over/under current and voltage
protection of various AC and DC
equipment's.
 Relays are frequently being used in power
system networks.
 A P P L I C AT I O N S

 The Electromagnetic relays are employed for

the protection of various AC and DC
equipment's.
 In the over/under current and voltage
protection of various AC and DC equipments.
 For differential protection.
 Used as auxiliary relays in the contact
systems of protective relay schemes.