SDH NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

Objective
SDH Network Elements

Network Topologies

Synchronous Network Structure

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SDH Network Elements contd…

Terminal Multiplexer (Path Terminating or Line Terminating Equipment)

•The PTE acts as a concentrator of PDH tributary signals and Ethernet traffic.
•It performs the function of multiplexing incoming plesiochronous (low rate
tributary) signals or Ethernet traffic into higher bit-rate STM-N signals.
•It also performs the function of demultiplexing the higher bit-rate STM-N signals
into low-rate plesiochronous tributary signals or Ethernet traffic.

Path Terminating Equipment

 SDH Network Elements

Regenerator
•Regenerator is used when the span is longer and transmitter cannot shoot power over
the span due to which the signal gets attenuated and distorted by dispersion.
•It performs 3R function (Regeneration, Re-timing, Re-Shaping) and thus, eliminates the
distance limit.
•It regenerates clock and amplitude relationships of the incoming data signals.

Regenerator
SDH Network Elements contd…

Add Drop Multiplexer (ADM)

•ADM has the ability to add (inject) or drop (extract) plesiochronous and lower bit
rate synchronous signals into or from higher order aggregate SDH bit streams.
•ADM can also pass the high rate STM-N signal from one side to other without
requiring special pass-through units or other signal processing.

Add Drop Multiplexer

SDH Network Elements contd…

Digital Cross Connect (DXC)

•DXC enables switching, adding, dropping of plesiochronous or synchronous signals
on different layers.
•It allows mapping of plesiochronous signals into synchronous tributaries known as,
Virtual containers, and switching between these containers from lower layer to the
higher layer.
 Network Topologies
In PDH the natural configuration of the network was point to point. In SDH various
network topologies are possible.

•Point-to-Point

•Point-to-Multipoint

•Ring topology

•Mesh topology

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Network Topologies contd…

Point-to-Point
•This is the simplest network configuration involving two terminal multiplexers
linked by a fiber with or without a regenerator in the link.

•It is the first approximation easier by directly substituting PDH installations that use
this topology.

Point-to-Point Network Topology

Network Topologies contd…

Point-to-Multipoint (Linear Add/Drop)

•This architecture includes adding or dropping circuits along the way. SDH ADM is
used for this task.

•The ADM is typically placed in a SDH link to facilitate adding and dropping tributary
channels at intermediate points in the network.

Point-to-Multipoint Topology
Network Topologies contd…

Ring Topology
•The SDH building block for a ring
architecture is ADM.

•Multiple ADMs can be put into a

ring configuration for either Bi-
directional or Uni-directional traffic.

•This setup also lets tributaries to be

added and dropped in each node of
the network.

•The main advantage of ring

topology is its survivability or
protection feature. Ring Topology
Network Topologies contd…

Mesh Topology
•The meshed network architecture accommodates unexpected growth and change
more easily than simple point-to-point networks.

•A DXC is used to concentrate the traffic at a central site and allows easy re-
provisioning of the circuits.

Mesh Topology
Synchronous Network Structure
140Mbit/s
STM-1 LAN
2Mbit/s TM

ADM

STM-1, STM-4

140Mbit/s
ADM STM-4/-16 ADM
Eth 34Mbit/s
8Mbit/s
Switch STM-1
2Mbit/s

DXC
LAN
DLC
ADM : Add Drop Multiplexer 2Mbit/s STM-1 Gateway to another SDH ring
DXC : Digital Cross Connect 34Mbit/s
TM : Terminal Multiplexer 140Mbit/s
DSC: Digital Switching Center STM-1
LAN: Local Area Network STM-4

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Thank You…