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The motor won’t start spinning until insolation reaches 400 W/m2, but after that it
only needs 200 W/m2 to keep running
Linear current booster (LCB)
• converts low-current, high-voltage power
into high-current, low-voltage power
A linear current booster (LCB) increases current to DC motor I –V curve on photovoltaic I –V curves for varying
help start or keep the motor running in low sunlight insolation
Battery I–V curves
During the charge cycle, with positive current flow into the battery
An ideal battery has a vertical current–voltage A real battery can be modeled as an ideal battery in series
characteristic curve. with its internal resistance, with current flowing in
opposite directions during charging and discharging.
Example 9.1
Suppose that a nearly depleted 12-V lead-acid battery has an open-circuit voltage of
11.7 V and an internal resistance of 0.03 Ω.
a. What voltage would a PV module operate at if it is delivering 6 A to the battery?
b. If 20 A is drawn from a fully charged battery with open-circuit voltage 12.7 V, what
voltage would the PV module operate at?
Solution:
the PV voltage would be
While drawing 20 A after VB has reached 12.7 V, the output voltage of the battery
Maximum power point trackers
Significant efficiency gains could be realized if the operating points for resistive, dc
motor, and battery loads could somehow be kept near the knee of the PV I –V curves
throughout the ever-changing daily conditions
20 kHz
A self-regulating PV module with fewer cells can A buck-boost converter used as a the heart of a maximum power
automatically reduce charging current as the batteries tracker
approach full charge
Maximum power point trackers cont’d..
Under certain ambient conditions, a PV module has its maximum power point at Vm
= 17 volts and Im =6 A. What duty cycle should an MPPT have if the module is
delivering power to a 10 Ω resistance?
Solution:
The maximum power delivered by the PVs
P = 17 V ×6 A = 102 W.
To deliver 102 W to the 10 Ω resistor
We need
Hourly I–V curves
Redrawing the PV I –V curves with an MPPT The 1-sun I –V curve with two I –V curves when
insolation is 677 W/m2
Hourly I–V curves cont’d..
Hour-by-hour PV I –V curves with examples of three Daily Energy Delivered to Three Loadsa
different load types: dc motor, 12-V battery, MPPT.
Discussion
Thanks
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