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KURNIA HADY Aulia
Summary 2
1. Introduction
2. Tectonic Plates
3. Seismic Instrument
4. Internal Structure of Earth
5. Mecanism of tectonic plates
1. Plate junction
2. Active margin
Introduction 3
Plate tectonics is of very great significance as it represents the first theory that provides a
unified explanation of the Earth’s major surface features. As such it has enabled an
unprecedented linking of many different aspects of geology, which had previously been
considered independent and unrelated.
Earth’s tectonic system concerns the movement of the lithosphere, the relatively brittle
outermost solid Earth, which consists of a mosaic of independent plates.
Much of our knowledge of the internal constitution of the Earth has come from the study of
the seismic waves generated by earthquakes.
A deeper understanding of geology has ensued from the interpretation of many branches of
geology within the basic framework provided by plate tectonics.
Map showing the present plate configurations and plate motions on Earth;
plate names shown on insert.
(Frisch, 2011)
Legend
1. Oceanic Ridge
2. Non active oceanic ridge
3. Transform fault
4. Subduction zone
5. Non-active subduction zone (Libourty, 1982)
Continental ridge:
• Rift Valleys
• Closed basin lakes
Oceanic ridge:
• Hidden by the sea
• Different type
Kennett et al., 1995 (after Helffrich & Wood, 2001, with permission from Nature 412, 501–7. Copyright ©
2001 Macmillan Publishers Ltd.)
Frisch W, Meschede M, Blakey R (2011) Plate Tectonics Continental Drift and Mountain Building, Springer,
New York-Heidelberg-Berlin.
Larh, John C. "Sea-Floor Spreading and Subduction Model." Sea-Floor Spreading and Subduction Model.
USGS, n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2015