Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
BY:
ENG. Waleed Elsafoury
GSM Network Protocols
Transmission function:
Distance
Signal strength
measured at BTS
Upper threshold
Lower threshold
Distance
Power control
increase command
GSM Network Protocols
Handover Control
Automatic switching of a call from one TCH to another.
Can be within the cell or between cells.
Reasons for intra-cell handover
1. reduction of co-channel interference.
2. Maintenance activity
3. Equipment failure
Handover occurs on TCH when call is in speech stage.
Only started if power control is not helpful.
Unique feature of mobile network.
GSM Network Protocols
Handover types:
Inter cell handover
Involves change of carrier and BTS.
Intra-cell handover
Involves change of carrier in same cell.
GSM Network Protocols
Handover types
BSC
MSC-B
MSC-A
BTS
BTS
BTS
BSC
BSC
BTS
Intra-BSC HO BTS Inter-MSC HO
Inter-BSC HO
Intra-MSC HO Intra-cell HO
GSM Network Protocols
Requirements for Handover
1. Execution speed
2. Reliability
• No excessive HO
• No delayed HO
• No early HO
3. Transparent to users (not aware)
4. Service-dependent (voice, data)
GSM Network Protocols
Criteria for Handover
BSC receives measurement data from BTS
and MS.
BSC
MSC-A
BTS
BTS
GSM Network Protocols
Handling of Handover
Reserved channel concept
Some channels are reserved for HO
2
New calls
Handover
Nc
N
GSM Network Protocols
N-times retry
Multiple request for Handover
Handover queue
HO wait for a free channel.
Sub-rating algorithm
Full rate TCH is split into 2 half rate TCHs.
GSM Network Protocols
Intra-BSC (Inter-cell) HO
2
Old BTS
BSC
3
4
1
5
5
New BTS
GSM Network Protocols
Inter-BSC (Intra-MSC) HO
Old
4
Old BTS BSC
1
4 4
9 8
5 MSC
6
2
3
7
4
7
7
New
New BTS BSC
GSM Network Protocols
Inter-MSC HO
Old MSC-A
5 Old BTS BSC
1
5
9 9
2 5 8
6
7
4 3
8 5
8
New MSC-B
New BTS BSC
GSM Network Protocols
Mobility Management (MM)
o MM activities include:
1. Location update
2. Update HLR/VLR
3. TMSI re-allocation.
4. Authentication of MS.
GSM Network Protocols
Location Update in same MSC/VLR
1
2 2
3 HLR
4
4
3
VLR
BSC MSC
BTS
GSM Network Protocols
Location Update with New MSC/VLR
5 4
2 HLR
3
1 4
New
VLR
MSC Old
BSC
VLR
BTS
GSM Network Protocols
Periodic Registration
it as detached.
BSC MSC/VLR
BTS
2 3
4
GSM Network Protocols
Mobile Originated Call
GSM PSTN
PLMN
1
1 Telephone
3 2
2 3
4 4
4 5
BTS
GSM Network Protocols
Mobile Terminated Call
GSM PLMN PSTN
MSRN
5 1 Local
HLR GMSC Exchange
2 MSISDN
MSISDN
1 MSISDN
M
SR
5 6 N
N
4 S R
IM
M
SI
MSC
VLR
Telephone
TMSI
7 11
SI TM
ing SI
TM8 Pag NFO BSC
H P9 HI
PC O 8
ST DC 10
H C
8 AC
R 9 H S 11
C
G 8
A10 H
11 CC
SD BTS
BTS