Motivation

Boundless Lecture Slides
Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless Teaching Using Boundless Presentations
Platform
Boundless empowers educators to engage their students
with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive
teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform
gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in
The Appendix
more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular The appendix is for you to use to add depth and
titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and
or make switching to our platform easier by building from
Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned drop slides from the appendix into the main
textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they presentation to make for a richer lecture
need to assign readings and assessments, monitor experience.
student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made
teaching resources.
Get started now at:

http://boundless.com/teaching-platform
Free to edit, share, and copy

Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies
of the Boundless presentations as you like. We
encourage you to take these presentations and
make them your own.
If you have any questions or problems please email:
educators@boundless.com
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
About Boundless
Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and
accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational
content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless
integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently
at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to
engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools
as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free
and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its
website, iOS apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with
Boundless, visit boundless.com.
Introduction to Motivation
Motivation
Theories of Motivation
Motivation
Motivation > Introduction to Motivation
Introduction to Motivation
• Defining Motivation
www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/motivation-12/introduction-to-motivation-64/
Motivation > Theories of Motivation
Theories of Motivation
• Evolutionary Theory of Motivation
• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
• Drive-Reduction Theory of Motivation
• Arousal Theory of Motivation
• Incentive Theory of Motivation and Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation
• The Cognitive and Achievement Approaches to Motivation
• Temporal Motivation Theory
www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/motivation-12/theories-of-motivation-65/
Appendix
Motivation
Key terms
• arousal A physiological and psychological state of being awake or reactive to stimuli, including elevated heart rate and blood
pressure and a condition of sensory alertness, mobility, and readiness to respond.
• cognitive dissonance A conflict or anxiety resulting from inconsistencies between one's beliefs and one's actions or other
beliefs.
• drive Acts of motivation like thirst or hunger that have primarily biological purposes.
• drive Acts of motivation like thirst or hunger that have primarily biological purposes.
• extrinsic External, separable from the thing itself, inessential.
• extrinsic External; inessential.
• fitness A concept in evolutionary theory related to natural selection; an organism's potential for survival and successful
reproduction.
• genotype The combination of alleles, situated on corresponding chromosomes, that determines a specific trait of an individual,
such as "Aa" or "aa".
• homeostasis The ability of a system or living organism to adjust its internal environment to maintain a state of dynamic
constancy, such as the ability of warm-blooded animals to maintain a stable temperature.
• homeostasis The ability of a system or living organism to adjust its internal environment to maintain a stable equilibrium, such
as the ability of warm-blooded animals to maintain a constant temperature.
• humanistic Of or pertaining to a psychological perspective, starting in the mid-20th century, that emphasizes individuals'
inherent drive toward self-actualization, realizing and expressing one's own capabilities, and creativity.
• incentive Something that motivates, rouses, or encourages; an anticipated reward or aversive event from the environment.
Motivation
• instinct A natural or inherent impulse or behavior; the capacity of an animal to complete a complex behavior automatically,
without intermediate conscious awareness.
• intrinsic Innate, inherent, inseparable from the thing itself, essential.
• intrinsic Innate; inherent; essential.
• master To learn to a high degree of proficiency.
• mastery The act or process of becoming an expert in something.
• motivation An incentive or reason for doing something.
• natural selection A process by which heritable traits conferring survival and reproductive advantage to individuals, or related
individuals, tend to be passed on to succeeding generations and become more frequent in a population, whereas other less
favorable traits tend to become eliminated.
• neuron A cell of the nervous system which conducts nerve impulses and consists of an axon and several dendrites.
• psychosocial Having both psychological and social aspects.
• self-actualization According to humanistic theory, the realizing of one's full potential; can include creative expression, quest for
spiritual enlightenment, pursuit of knowledge, or the desire to give to society.
• self-efficacy How one judges one's own competence to complete tasks and reach goals.
• temperament A person's normal manner of thinking, behaving, or reacting.
Motivation
• temporal Of or relating to time.
Motivation
Temporal Motivation
Temporal motivation theory argues that motivation is heavily influenced by time.
Wikipedia. "4119104c2b7719acfe0d522d7e6560a9.png." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_motivation_theory View on Boundless.com
Motivation
Sweets as extrinsic motivators

Candy, cookies, and other treats can offer extrinsic motivation to engage in a particular behavior.
Wikibooks. "Rewards%202." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:Rewards_2.JPG View on Boundless.com
Motivation
Father of Drive Reduction Theory

Clark Leonard Hull developed drive-reduction theory, one of the earliest theories of motivation.
Wikipedia. "ClarkHull2." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ClarkHull2.jpg View on Boundless.com
Motivation
Evolutionary Psychology
Evolutionary psychology suggests that individuals are motivated to engage in behaviors that maximize their genetic fitness.
Wikimedia. "Human evolution." CC BY-SA http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_evolution.svg View on Boundless.com
Motivation
Cognitive Dissonance and Smoking

Smoking commonly causes cognitive dissonance. One rationalizes the health risks by telling themselves they are going to die anyway.
Wikipedia. "Zwei zigaretten." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zwei_zigaretten.jpg View on Boundless.com
Motivation
Temporal motivation theory

According to temporal motivation theory, the motivation to complete a task increases as a deadline approaches.
Wikimedia. "Wooden hourglass 3." GNU FDL http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wooden_hourglass_3.jpg View on Boundless.com
Motivation
Optimal Arousal
The concept of optimal arousal in relation to performance on a task is depicted here. Performance is maximized at the optimal level of arousal, and it
tapers off during under- and overarousal.
OpenStax CNX. "CNX Psychology, Psychology. July 26, 2015." CC BY 4.0 http://cnx.org/contents/4abf04bf-93a0-45c3-9cbc-2cefd46e68cc@4.100:55/Psychology
View on Boundless.com
Motivation
The Reward Center

Dopamine pathways in the brain play an important role in the regulation of reward, which, in turn, motivates behavior. Some of the most important parts
of the brain's reward center include the nucleus accumbens, the VTA, and the frontal cortex.
Wikimedia. "Dopamine%2520Pathways." Public domain http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dopamine_Pathways.png View on Boundless.com
Motivation
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, higher levels of needs can only be pursued when the lower levels are fulfilled.
Wikimedia. "Maslow." GNU FDL http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maslow's_hierarchy_of_needs.svg View on Boundless.com
Motivation
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs states that only unsatisfied needs influence behavior, whereas satisfied needs do not. Needs are arranged in order of
importance to human life, from the basic to the complex.
Wikibooks. "Cognitive Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience/Motivation and Emotion." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cognitive_Psychology_and_Cognitive_Neuroscience/Motivation_and_Emotion%23Motivation View on Boundless.com
Motivation
Motivation over time

This graph illustrates how a student's motivation tends to change over time: early in the semester he may be more motivated to socialize with friends;
later in the semester, school work takes precedence.
Wikimedia. "Discount_curve_map.png." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Discount_curve_map.png View on Boundless.com
Motivation
Optimal Arousal
The concept of optimal arousal in relation to performance on a task is depicted here. Performance is maximized at the optimal level of arousal, and it
tapers off during under- and over-arousal. For easy tasks, a higher level of arousal generally increases performance; for harder tasks, a lower level of
arousal is better.
Motivation
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation

Intrinsic motivation comes from within the individual and results in a sense of autonomy, mastery, and purpose. Extrinsic motivation such as
punishments, rewards, and other types of compensation, come from outside the individual.
Motivation
Attribution
• OpenStax CNX. "OpenStax College, Psychology. July 30, 2015." CC BY 4.0 http://cnx.org/contents/4abf04bf-93a0-45c3-9cbc-
2cefd46e68cc@4.100:58/Psychology
• Wiktionary. "psychosocial." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/psychosocial
• Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//psychology/definition/drive
• Wiktionary. "motivation." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/motivation
• Wikibooks. "Cognitive Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience/Motivation and Emotion." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cognitive_Psychology_and_Cognitive_Neuroscience/Motivation_and_Emotion%23Motivation
• Wikipedia. "Motivation." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivation
• Wiktionary. "instinct." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/instinct
• Wiktionary. "genotype." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/genotype
• Wikipedia. "fitness." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fitness
• Wikibooks. "Introduction to Psychology/Human Development." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Psychology/Human_Development
• Wikibooks. "Animal Behavior/History." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Animal_Behavior/History%23Evolutionary_Psychology
• Wikibooks. "Introduction to Psychology/Evolutionary Psychology." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Psychology/Evolutionary_Psychology
• Wikibooks. "Self Interest and Social Behavior/Decision Theory." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Self_Interest_and_Social_Behavior/Decision_Theory
Motivation
• Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//psychology/definition/drive

• Wikipedia. "Drive reduction theory (learning theory)." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_reduction_theory_(learning_theory)
• Wikipedia. "Drive Reduction Theory." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_Reduction_Theory
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cognitive_Psychology_and_Cognitive_Neuroscience/Motivation_and_Emotion%23Mood_and_Mem
ory
• Wiktionary. "arousal." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arousal
• Wiktionary. "neuron." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/neuron
• Wiktionary. "temperament." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/temperament
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cognitive_Psychology_and_Cognitive_Neuroscience/Motivation_and_Emotion%23The_Neurologic
al_Regulation_of_Drives
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cognitive_Psychology_and_Cognitive_Neuroscience/Motivation_and_Emotion%23The_Neurologic
al_Regulation_of_Drives
• Wikibooks. "Introduction to Psychology/Psychological Disorders." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Psychology/Psychological_Disorders
• Wiktionary. "incentive." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/incentive
• Wiktionary. "extrinsic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/extrinsic
• Wiktionary. "intrinsic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/intrinsic
• Wikibooks. "Foundations of Education and Instructional Assessment/Classroom Management/Praise." CC BY-SA 3.0
Motivation
• Wikibooks. "Foundations and Assessment of Education/Edition 1/Foundations Table of Contents/Chapter 11/11.6.2." CC BY-
SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Foundations_and_Assessment_of_Education/Edition_1/Foundations_Table_of_Contents/Chapter_
11/11.6.2%23Defining_Two_Types_of_Motivation
• Wikibooks. "Foundations and Assessment of Education/Edition 1/Foundations Table of Contents/Chapter 11/11.6.1." CC BY-
SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Foundations_and_Assessment_of_Education/Edition_1/Foundations_Table_of_Contents/Chapter_
11/11.6.1
• Wiktionary. "cognitive dissonance." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cognitive_dissonance
• Wikipedia. "Cognitive Dissonance." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_dissonance
• Wiktionary. "extrinsic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/extrinsic
• Wiktionary. "intrinsic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/intrinsic
• Saylor. CC BY http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/BUS208-5.3.pdf
• Saylor. CC BY http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/BUS209-2.3.2-MotivationGoalSetting.pdf
• Saylor. CC BY http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/TLBrink_PSYCH13.pdf
• Saylor. CC BY-SA http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/PSYCH301-1.1.1-Social-psychology.pdf
• Wiktionary. "mastery." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mastery
• Wikipedia. "self-actualization." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/self-actualization
• Saylor. CC BY http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/BUS208-5.3.pdf
• Saylor. CC BY-SA http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/BUS209-6.1.1-OrganizationalCommunication.pdf
• Saylor. CC BY http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/BUS209-2.3.2-MotivationGoalSetting.pdf
Motivation
• Wiktionary. "self-efficacy." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/self-efficacy

• Wikipedia. "Temporal motivation theory." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_motivation_theory

Motivation

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Motivation

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Boundless Lecture Slides

Get started now at:

Free to edit, share, and copy

If you have any questions or problems please email:

• temporal Of or relating to time.

Sweets as extrinsic motivators

Father of Drive Reduction Theory

Cognitive Dissonance and Smoking

Temporal motivation theory

The Reward Center

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Motivation over time

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation

• Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//psychology/definition/drive

• Wiktionary. "self-efficacy." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/self-efficacy

Você também pode gostar