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C I A M (1928 - 1956)
RETHINKING ARCHITECTURE
At the time, the CIAM charter was designed to rid cities of the
post-Industrial Revolution overcrowding and inhuman conditions
which had characterised many European and American cities of
the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
The CIAM city called for ample space, light and green areas, and
stressed on the need to lead a dignified human existence. That
the modern age also meant a new moral order was implicit in the
CIAM charter, as well as the fact that architecture and urbanism
could be the tools by which this new order could be brought
about.
CIAM
Influence
•At this early stage the desire to re-shape cities and towns is clear. Out is the
"chaotic" jumble of streets, shops, and houses which existed in European cities
at the time; in is a zoned city, comprising of standardised dwellings and
different areas for work, home, and leisure.
CIAM
THE ATHENS CHARTER
The Charter, based on discussions held ten years earlier, claimed that the
problems faced by cities could be resolved by strict functional segregation, and
the distribution of the population into tall apartment blocks at widely spaced
intervals.
The Athens Charter
The fourth CIAM Congress in 1933 (theme: "The Functional City") consisted of
an analysis of thirty-four cities and proposed solutions to urban problems. The
conclusions were published as "The Athens Charter" (so-called because the
Congress was held on board the SS Patris en route from Marseilles to Athens).
This document remains one of the most controversial ever produced by CIAM.
The charter effectively committed CIAM to rigid functional cities, with citizens to
be housed in high, widely-spaced apartment blocs. Green belts would separate
each zone of the city. The Charter was not actually published until 1943, and
its influence would be profound on public authorities in post-war Europe.
CIAM
Conferences