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5
Introduction to Rheology
τ = G ⋅ dL/dy = G ⋅ tan γ ≈ G ⋅ γ
τ = shear stress = force/area, N/m 2 = Pa
G = Young’s modulus which relates to the stiffness
of the solid, N/m 2 =Pa
γ = dL/y = strain (dimensionless)
y = height of the solid body [m]
ΔL = deformation of the body as a result of shear
stress [m].
Introduction to Rheology
11
Flow between two parallel flat
plates
20
Shear stress
τ =F (force)/A (area)
N (Newton)/m 2 = Pa [Pascal]
Shear rate
31
Kinematic viscosity
35
Viscosity Curve
• Another diagram is very common: η is plotted versus
• This diagram is called the “Viscosity Curve”.
• The viscosity curve shown in Fig. 5 corresponds to the flow
curve of Fig. 4.
• Viscosity measurements always first result in the flow curve.
• It’s results can then be rearranged mathematically to allow
the plotting of the corresponding viscosity curve.
• The different types of flow curves have their counterparts in
types of viscosity curves.
Viscosity Curve
37
Shear Rate Dependence
Shear Rate Dependence
Effect of Temperature
Effect of Branching
Overall
Molecular Wt. Distribution
Viscosity parameters
55
Newtonian Liquids
61
Pseudo-plastic Liquids
67
Dilatant Liquids
74
Thixotropy
77
Thixotropy
82
83
When to Use
84
Plate and Cone
85
Plate and Cone
86
Plate and Cone
87
Plate and Cone
88
Parallel Plate
89
Parallel Plate
90
Parallel Plate
91
92
Capillary Rheometer
93
Shear rate calculation for capillary
rheometer
94
Viscosity calculation for capillary
rheometer
95