COLD WATER SUPPLY AND PUMP

Students should be able to:-

i) Identify direct and indirect system of water supply

in a building.
ii) Determine the types of pump system and
recognize several types of pumps.
 COLD WATER SUPPLY AND PUMP
Rules and Regulations governing Cold Water System:-

- Local Authority requirements ( SYABAS, SAJ, SPAN)

- British Standards 6700:1987
- Guide to Water Supply Rules and “Panduan Kaedah-Kaedah Bekalan Air”
- Plumbing Engineering Services Design Guide (U.K)
- ASPE (American Society of Plumbing Engineers)
- CP310: 1965 – Water Supply
- SPAN (Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara), New Water Supply Rules,
Regulations and Uniform Technical Guidelines
 COLD WATER SUPPLY AND PUMP
Functions of Various Firms in Cold Water Design:--

Civil and Structural Consultants

- Responsible for the design of internal cold water reticulation system
- Submits external water reticulation plans to Local Authority and obtain approval
 COLD WATER SUPPLY AND PUMP
Functions of Various Firms in Cold Water Design:--

Mechanical and Electrical Consultants

- Responsible for the design of internal cold water reticulation system and
material specified for the plumbing system
- Submits internal water reticulation plans to Local Authority for record
- Prepare tender drawings, tender document, tender report, construction drawings
and certificate of payment for the supply, installation, testing and commissioning
of cold water plumbing system
- Certification of all the inspections and testing on site and the plumbing
installation has been constructed in accordance with the submitted plan
- To submit form G5 (Certificate of Compliance and Completion) CCC upon the
completion of works to local authority.
 COLD WATER SUPPLY AND PUMP
Functions of Various Firms in Cold Water Design:--

Contractor
- The nominated contractor will undertake the responsibility of supplying,
installing, testing and commissioning of cold water plumbing system
- Prepares shop drawings, as-built drawings and operation & maintenance manual
(O&M)
- Arrange for authority inspection upon completion of the installation
- To appoint the registered plumber (Permit Holder) to supervise and certify that
all the plumbing installation works has been carried out as per drawings and
SPAN requirements.
 COLD WATER SUPPLY AND PUMP
Functions of Various Firms in Cold Water Design:--

Contractor
- The nominated contractor will undertake the responsibility of supplying,
installing, testing and commissioning of cold water plumbing system
- Prepares shop drawings, as-built drawings and operation & maintenance manual
(O&M)
- Arrange for authority inspection upon completion of the installation
- To appoint the registered plumber (Permit Holder) to supervise and certify that
all the plumbing installation works has been carried out as per drawings and
SPAN requirements.
 COLD WATER SUPPLY AND PUMP
Functions of Various Firms in Cold Water Design:--

Authority
- Check the internal cold water reticulation drawings and issue the letter of denial
(surat penafian)
- Conduct inspection of the completed installation if necessary
- Issue of water meters
 COLD WATER SUPPLY AND PUMP
Standards applicable for Cold Water Plumbing System Design:--

British Standards 6700:1997

- British Standards Specification for design, installation, testing and maintenance

of services supplying water for domestic use within buildings and their curtilages
 COLD WATER SUPPLY AND PUMP
Computation of water demand for various types of building:--

Three methods of consumption estimate normally practised are:-

- Based on local work authority requirements that are normally applied to housing
estates, flats and hotels & UTG by SPAN
- Based on Rule 224 (Uniform Water Supply Rules)
- Based on actual recording of daily water consumption. This method is applied to
hospitals, expressed in terms of gallons per bed
 COLD WATER SUPPLY AND PUMP
Uniform Technical Guidelines requirements the minimum capacities of the storage:-

Types of Building Minimum nominal capacity

Litres/Unit
Dwelling houses (rural) 800
Low cost houses (rural) 800
Dwelling houses and flats with individual 1300
storage (urban)
Multi storey flats with shared storage 1000
Semi-Detached/Bungalows 1500
Shop house (1 storey / low cost shop) 2000
Shop house (Double storey) 3000
Shop house (3 storey) 4100
Shop house (4 storey) 4550
 COLD WATER SUPPLY AND PUMP
If the capacity of the storage required cannot be obtained, calculated:-

Types of Building Storage requirement

Office/shopping complex/commercial 1000 litres/100 sq.m
Community centres 1000 litres/100 sq.m
Hotels 270 litres/person
Hostels 180 litres/person
Day schools/kindergarden 30 litres/person
Boarding school 180 litres/person
Educational Institutions (day type) 100 litres/student
Educational Institutions with hostel 100 litres/student
Restaurant 14 litres/person
Hospital 1500 litres/bed
Airport 25 litres/passenger
Wet Market 1500 litres/stall
Mosque 50 litres/person
 COLD WATER SUPPLY AND PUMP

The storage requirement for each fitting should be as given in Table 3.

Fittings Storage requirement/Fitting/Day

(Litres)
Shower 400 – 900
Slipper bath 910
Water Closet 180
Lavatory basic 90
Sink 90
Urinal 180
Bed pan washer 180
Wash up sink 225
 COLD WATER SUPPLY AND PUMP
There are several types of tanks available in the market:--

Reinforced Concrete tanks (R.C.)

- These tanks are constructed mostly in basements and recommended when there
is space constrain and odd space available for the water tanks
- The life span is estimated to be very long and no maintenance is required
- The cost is higher than pressed steel galvanised tanks
- HDPE lining is required
 COLD WATER SUPPLY AND PUMP
There are several types of tanks available in the market:--

Fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) tanks

- These tanks are popular now and vastly being used due to longer life span
estimated at 25 years and minimal corrosion at bolted joints
- The cost is higher compared to reinforced concrete tanks
- The maximum height allowed is 3 metre
 COLD WATER SUPPLY AND PUMP
There are several types of tanks available in the market:--

Poly tanks

- These are the moulded tanks and available in standard sizes

- The cost is the cheapest compared to the types of tanks mentioned before
 COLD WATER SUPPLY AND PUMP
Water meters
The water meter installed at the end of the water service pipe, either directly
inside or outside of the building walls, in accordance with local plumbing code
restrictions. Three types are installed by the plumber as follows:

i) Disk meters : A disk meter is used for measuring the flow of water through small
water services and are available in size from 5/8 inch to 2 inches
ii) Turbine meters : A turbine meter is used in buildings in which water is used in
large and constant volume and is available in 2, 3, 4 and 6 inch sizes
iii) Compound meters : A compound meter is a water meter that unites a disk and
turbine meter in one body. Compound meters are made in 2 to 10 inch sizes for
used in buildings in which there is large fluctuation in water flows
 COLD WATER SUPPLY AND PUMP
The procedure for all plumbing test follows the eight points listed:-

i) Assemble the testing apparatus

ii) Seal all openings
iii) Apply the test
iv) Check for leaks
v) Fix defects
vi) Call for an inspection and test
vii) Assist the inspector at time of test
viii) Remove testing apparatus on completion of test and inspection
 COLD WATER SUPPLY AND PUMP
Direct System of Water Supply:-

Advantages
i) Freshness and cleanliness is ensured.
ii) High water pressure.
iii) Less cost due to less piping and storage tank.

Disadvantages
i) No supply if main distribution pipe under repair.
ii) Distribution pipes must be of decent quality and durable to withstand higher
pipe pressure.
 COLD WATER SUPPLY AND PUMP
Indirect System of Water Supply:-

Advantages
i) Water storage reserved up to 12 – 24 hours. If any interruption of supply from
main pipes.
ii) Constant pressure in distribution pipes.
iii) Can use less costly pipes due to less pressure involved.

Disadvantages
i) Extra piping length and cost of tank.
ii) Allowable area for tank with its support.
iii) Contamination of water if sub-standard tank is used due to corrosion or even
smell.
iv) Contamination due to insect, water worm, need periodical flushing or scouring.
 COLD WATER SUPPLY AND PUMP
An Introduction to Pumping Equipment:--

Principle and Operation.

There are two main categories of pump:

 Rotodynamic pumps.
 Positive displacement pumps.
PUMP

Rotodynamic Positive displacement

Centrifugal

Rotary Reciprocating
Axial flow

Mixed flow
Gear Piston

Turbine
Lobe Diaphragm

Sliding Vane Plunger

Screw 2
 COLD WATER SUPPLY AND PUMP
Centrifugal Pumps:--

Centrifugal pumps have a rotating impeller, also known as a blade, that is immersed in
the liquid.
Liquid enters the pump near the axis of the impeller, and the rotating impeller sweeps
the liquid out toward the ends of the impeller blades at high pressure.
For low flows and high pressures, the action of the impeller is largely radial.

Positive-Displacement Pumps--

A variety of positive-displacement pumps are also available, generally consisting of a

rotating member with a number of lobes that move in a close-fitting casing.
The liquid is trapped in the spaces between the lobes and then discharged into a region
of higher pressure.
A common device of this type is the gear pump, which consists of a pair of meshing
gears.
The lobes in this case are the gear teeth.
 COLD WATER SUPPLY AND PUMP
What is the main difference between kinetic and positive displacement pumps ?

The main difference between kinetic and positive displacement pumps lies in
the method of fluid transfer.

A kinetic pump imparts velocity energy to the fluid, which is converted to pressure
energy upon exiting the pump casing.

A positive displacement pump moves a fixed volume of fluid within the pump casing
by applying a force to moveable boundaries containing the fluid volume.
COLD WATER SUPPLY AND PUMP

Thank You

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