Paragraphs

by
Fadil Maulana Afnis
Hafiza Fadhila
Rahayu
 Paragraph
What is a paragraph
?
A paragraph is a group of sentences that develops an idea.

The first sentence of a paragraph should be indented.

The sentences in the paragraph support and give examples of

the main idea.
My husband and I bought our first house last November,
and we love it. It is located in west Provo near Utah Lake.
Although we cannot see the lake from our house, we do
have a beautiful view of Mount Timpanogos. Our house
has three bedrooms, two bathrooms, a living room and a
family room, and a large kitchen and dining area. We also
have a large backyard and a small garden. We are very
happy to own our own home, and I hope that we will live
there for several years.

Example
 Paragraph Structure
A paragraph should have a
logical structure that is easy to
put into an outline:
 the sentence that
e
tells the reader th
main idea of the
paragraph
• The topic sentence should
contain only one main
idea. It should be specific
and detailed.
• The topic sentence is
often found at the
beginning of the
paragraph, but it can be
Topic Sentences in other places, too.
 expand on the
main point
The supporting sentences
are the other sentences in
the paragraph. define key terms

These sentences either:

offer explanations

give an examples
SUPPORTING
DETAIL
give an additional
detail
 Summarizes the main
points or rephrases the
topic sentence

CONCLUDING
SENTENCE
 TOPIC SENTENCE
SUPPORTING DETAIL

There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best

countries in the world. First, Canada has an excellent health
care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a
reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of
education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and
are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally,
Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian
cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. As a
result, Canada is a desirable place to live.
CONCLUDING SENTENCE
Let’s Start with
Unity…
When a
paragraph has
unity, all the
sentences relate
directly to the
main idea.

If there is a
sentence off
topic at all, this
Use only the begins to create
most confusion for
your reader.
#2:COHERENCE
•A coherent paragraph is one in which
all of the sentences logically fit
together.

•When a paragraph has coherence, your

reader can easily see how all of the
details are connected.
 “How can we
create
coherence?”
There are
2 ways!

1. Order details in a way

that makes sense.
2. Show a connection by
using transitional words.
 Organizing your details in a specific
order is 1 way to make your paragraph
clear and coherent.
“Look at
the chart!”
Chronological Presents details in
Order the order they occur

Spatial Order Presents details

according to location

Order of Details are least

Importance important to most or
the reverse

Logical Order Groups related

details together
 2nd Way to
Create
Coherence: “We want to see a
Transitional connection!”

Words
Transitional words help the
reader see a relationship
between ideas.

They tie things

together!
 # 3:
Elaboratio
n
Elaboration means: to
add more detail, so your
reader can get a clear
picture of what you
mean!
Types of Paragraph

The narrative paragraph

tells a story example

The persuasive paragraph

tries to convince the audience example

The descriptive paragraph

describes something example

The expository or explanatory

paragraph example

gives information or explains

something
 Narrative

The Ant and the Dove

One hot day, an ant was seeking for some water. After walking around for a
moment, she came to a spring. To reach the spring, she had to climb up a blade of
grass. While making her way up, she slipped and fell unintentionally into the water.
She could have sunk if a dove up a nearby tree had not seen her. Seeing that the
ant was in trouble, the dove quickly put off a leaf from a tree and dropped it
immediately into the water near the struggling ant. Then the ant moved towards the
leaf and climbed up there. Soon it carried her safely to dry ground.
Not long after at that, there was a hunter nearby who was throwing out his net
towards the dove, hoping to trap it in this way.
Guessing what he should do, the ant quickly bit him on the heel. Feeling the pain,
the hunter dropped his net and the dove flew away quickly from this net.
The morality: One good turn deserves another.

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Description
My Sphynx Cat
My Sphynx cat is the only pet I have. He has a little hair but is not
totally hairless as he has a peach fuzz over much of his body. His
coat is often a warm chamois. My Sphynx has a normal cat
proportion.I like his tail although my mom say that it is like a rats
tail. I love his usual color varieties including, tortoiseshell,
chocolate, black, blue,lilac, chocolate etc. He is really an amazing
cat. Believe it or not, he is very intelligent cat. He can respond my
voice commands. He is really funny as well as my friends get a
joke. I love him so much as I love my mother.

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Persuasive
Global Warming
There is little doubt that the planet is warming. Over the last century, the planets temperature has risen by around 1
degree
fahrenheit (0.6 of a degree celsius). The warmest since the mid 1800’s was the 1990s. The hottest years recorded were
1997, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003. The United Nations panel on climate change projects that the global temperatures will rise
3-10 degrees fahrenheit by the century’s end – enough to have the polar caps all but melted. If the ice caps melt, a vast
majority of our countries borders will be under water. Monuments and great buildings, as well as homes and lives will be
under water, including New York City. So now we know what some of the causes are for global warming, how can we as
individuals do our part to help save the planet? The answer is simpler than you may think. You don’t have to go miles
away
from home to protest, or spend masses of money. If you try to follow the few simple steps that I shall now give you, you
will have started to help us all. Firstly, plant a tree. This could be easier than it sounds. Join or help out a local wildlife
group and ask to plant a tree. Trees, when fully grown, will help keep the planet cooler. On the same point, you could
protest against the demolition of the rainforests. This is the same principle, we need the trees to cool our planet and yet
they
are chopping them down to create roads or homes. Something as simple as walking instead of taking the car will help
reduce pollution. As well as stopping pollution, you are giving yourself exercise, something important for our bodies. So
the next time you get into your car, or your motorbike, think – do I have to make this journey by vehicle or can I walk?
\When you are at home, and your getting a little cold. Put a jumper on and do not adjust the heating. The extra heat
produced by our homes also affects the planet. So try wearing an extra layer in winter. If possible, buy your fruit and
vegetables from local suppliers. And try to avoid imported goods. The more foreign food that we import the more
pollution
from aeroplanes and boats it will create. Keeping to the speed limit can also help the environment. The more you speed
the
more petrol you are going to use, making the pollution higher. Also, SUV’s make about six times their own weight in CO2
each year. A small efficient diesel car covering the same distance not only uses much less fuel; it makes two thirds less.
If possible use solar energy, after all it is free; all you need to buy is the equipment. You can get much of your hot water
and heating from the sun and even generate electricity. Reduce, reuse and recycle. Only buy what you need; don’t stock
the
cupboards with things you may or may not use. Reuse whatever you can, like containers and paper, and recycle what you
cannot reuse. It really is as simple as that. Finally turning off unused sources of power such as televisions and heaters will
help the environment, as well as save you money. If everybody stuck to these rules, we would be doing a great thing by

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protecting the earth. So please take into consideration what I have said, and try to do your part. After all, it will be our
next
Expository or Explanatory

How to make a raffles

• First, Start by greasing both halves of the waffle maker
• Then add several pieces of cookie dough
• Press each piece down lightly
• Until the entire surface is covered
• Let it cook for about 2 to 4 minutes
• Lift it out using a spatula
• Add the final touches
• Finally bask in the masterpiece you’ve created
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 LET’S SEE AN EXAMPLE…
Find the sentence in the paragraph that
destroys the unity and doesn’t belong.

The disappearance of Amealia Earhart remains a mystery. Earhart, who was the first
woman pilot to fly across the Atlantic Ocean, crashed into the Pacific Ocean while
attempting to fly around the world. She was born in Atchison, Kansas, in 1897. Some
researchers believe that she survived the crash into the Pacific, because radio distress
calls were received. An intensive search for the source of the signals was made.
Searchers were not able to find her, however. Finally, the distress signals ceased. In
spite of continued searches by airplane and ship, no clue about what became of Amelia
Earhart has yet been found.

She was born in Atchison, Kansas in 1897. = Doesn’t relate

directly to main idea.
 Turtles are reptiles and are cold blooded. They depend on their
1. … surroundings for their body heat. Turtles are covered with a hard
box-like shell which protects the soft body and organs. It is
composed of an upper section called a carapace and a lower plate
called a plastron. The head, tail and legs of turtles are covered
with scales. Turtles withdraw them inside the shell of protection.
Turtles have four paddle shaped flippers which help them to 2. …
swim. Turtles do not have teeth, they have a sharp beak instead.
a Turtles can breathe on land and under water. They mainly eat
jellyfish, sea snails and other soft-boiled, slow-moving sea
animals. Female turtles lay their eggs in the sand of beaches.
Once the eggs are covered the female returns to the sea. When
the eggs hatch the baby turtles crawl down to the sea and take 3. …
care of themselves. c

a. topic sentence
b. concluding sentence b
c. supporting details
4. Explain the pictures …
a. My favourite color is blue. I'm calm and relaxed. In the summer I lie
on the grass and look up
b. My favourite color is blue. I’m singing on the grass
c. My favourite color is black. I’m lying on the grass and look up to the
sky
d. My favorite color is blue. I’m lying on the grass and take a picture
6.What is the meaning of supporting
details …
a. Summarize all of the topic
b. Explain the concluding sentence
c. Explain the topic sentence
d. Give an opinion
7. What must we add to make a supporting
details, except …
a. Give an example
b. Give an additional detail
c. Define key terms
d. Summarize the theme
8. What is the structure of paragraph ?

a. Expository paragraph
b.Topic sentence, supporting details, concluding
sentence
c. Concluding sentence and coherence
d.Descriptive, narrative, and persuasive
9.What is the meaning of Concluding sentence?

a. Main idea of the paragraph

b. Summarizes the main points or rephrases the
topic sentence
c. Support paragraph
d. Points of paragraph
10. What make a paragraph being a good ?
a. Describes something
b.Tells something, supporting details
c. Unity, coherence, and elaboration
d.Colaboration
 CONCLUSION
Structure of paragraph are : topic sentence,
supporting details, and concluding sentence.

Three things make a good paragraph are : unity,

coherence, and elaboration.

Types of paragraph are : narrative, descriptive,

persuasive, explanation.
• http://www.englishindo.com/2012/03/simple
-descriptive-text-
examples.html#ixzz4LYQxdMKv
• https://www.google.co.id/?
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