ADPATPand Cellular Respiration

ADP, ATP and
Cellular
Respiration
Copyright Cmassengale
pre discussion quiz
1. Get one-fourth sheet of clean paper
2. Write your name and date
3. Number it from 1 to 10
4. This is time pressured quiz.
5. Write in your paper the term that is
being described in each slide
6. Each slide will be shown for 5 seconds
only.
7. Previous slides cannot be shown
anymore. Copyright Cmassengale
1. Organisms that are able
to use energy from
sunlight to make food
2. The light collecting unit
of the chloroplast
3. Kind of chemical reaction
that involves addition of
electrons
4. The ability to do work
5. The organelle in plant
cells that contain
photosynthetic pigments
6. The process by which
glucose is converted to
pyruvate
7. The final electron
acceptor in cellular
respiration
8. Energy storage molecule
used by most organisms
9. Chemical reaction that
happens spontaneously
10. Breaking down of a
complex molecule into
smaller ones, generally with
the corresponding release of
energy
Autotrophs vs Heterotrophs
1. What is the difference between
autotrophs and heterotrophs?
2. What are some of the examples of
autotrophs and some examples of
heterotrophs? Are humans
autotrophs or heterotrophs?
3. What is photosynthesis? What are
the raw materials and the products
of photosynthesis?
4. Why do plants and other autotrophs
need energy to produce food?
What Is ATP?
Energy used by all Cells
Adenosine Triphosphate
Organic molecule containing high-

energy Phosphate bonds
Chemical Structure of ATP
Adenine Base
3 Phosphates Ribose Sugar

What Does ATP Do for
You?
It supplies YOU with ENERGY!
How Do We Get Energy From
ATP?
By breaking
the high-
energy bonds
between the
last two
phosphates
in ATP
What is the Process Called?
HYDROLYSIS (Adding H2O)
H 2O
How Does That Happen?
An Enzyme!
How is ATP Re-Made?
The reverse of the previous
process occurs.
Another Enzyme is
used!
ATP Synthetase
The ADP-ATP Cycle
ATP
ATP-ase Synthetase
When is ATP Made in the
Body?
During a
Process called
Cellular
Respiration
that takes
place in both
Plants &
Animals
Photosynthesis and ATP
Instruction
1. Get one-fourth sheet of clean paper
2. Write your name and date
3. Number it from 1 to 10
4. This is time pressured quiz.
5. Write in your paper the term that is
being described in each slide
6. Each slide will be shown for 5 seconds
only.
7. Previous slides cannot be shown
anymore. Copyright Cmassengale
1. Organisms that cannot
produce their own food. Also
called consumers.
2. Which of the ff is not a
raw material in photosynthesis
process?
a. Carbon dioxide
b. Oxygen
c. Water
d. energy
3. The name of the 5-carbon
sugar which serves as the
“body” of ATP
4. How many calories of
energy is released when an
ATP is broken to ADP and P?
5. What is the name of the
enzyme that breaks ATP into
ADP and free Phosphate
group?
enzyme that reattaches ADP
and free Phosphate group to
form ATP?
7. This refers to the inner
membrane of a chloroplast
where the first stage—the
light dependent reaction—of
photosynthesis happens.
8. Photosynthesis is divided
into two stages or reactions:
the light-dependent reaction,
and the carbon fixing
reaction. What does
photosynthesis produce during
its second stage (called
carbon-fixing reaction)?
9. In what stage of
photosynthesis does the
production of ATP take place?
a. Light-dependent reaction stage
b. Carbon-fixing reaction stage (also
called light-independent stage)
c. In both stages
d. None of the above, because ATP
production happens after
photosynthesis
10. The second stage of
photosynthesis, called carbon-
fixing reaction, happens in
what part of chloroplast?
Answers
1. Organisms that cannot
produce their own food. Also
called consumers.
Heterotrophs
2. Which of the ff is not a
raw material in photosynthesis
process?
a. Carbon dioxide
b. Oxygen
c. Water
d. energy
Oxygen
3. The name of the 5-carbon
sugar which serves as the
“body” of ATP
Ribose
4. How many calories of
energy is released when an
ATP is broken to ADP and P?
7,300 calories
enzyme that breaks ATP into
ADP and free Phosphate
group?
ATPase
enzyme that reattaches ADP
and free Phosphate group to
form ATP?
ATP Synthase
7. This refers to the inner
membrane of a chloroplast
where the first stage—the
light dependent reaction—of
photosynthesis happens.
Thylakoid membrane system

8. Photosynthesis is divided
into two stages or reactions:
the light-dependent reaction,
and the carbon fixing
reaction. What does
photosynthesis produce during
its second stage (called
carbon-fixing reaction)?
Sugar or carbohydrates
9. In what stage of
photosynthesis does the
production of ATP take place?
a. Light-dependent reaction stage
b. Carbon-fixing reaction stage (also
called light-independent stage)
c. In both stages
d. None of the above, because ATP
production happens after
photosynthesis
a. In light-dependent reaction
10. The second stage of
photosynthesis, called carbon-
fixing reaction, happens in
what part of chloroplast?
In stroma, the interior of
chloroplast
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Cellular Respiration
 Includes pathways that require
oxygen
 Glucose is oxidized and O2 is
reduced
 Glucose breakdown is therefore
an oxidation-reduction reaction
 Breakdown of one glucose
results in 36 to 38 ATP
molecules
ENERGY EXCHANGE
 Gibb’s Free Energy  useful energy from a
chemical rxn that is available for the
recipient to do work
 if Gibbs free energy of reactant/s > Gibbs
free energy of product/s  free energy is
released by the rxn
 Redox rxn  pair of reduction and
oxidation rxns
 Reduction == addition of e-, usually with
addition also of H into the structure
 Oxidation == loss of e-, usually with the
addition of O into the structure
Overall Equation for
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2
YIELDS
6CO2 + 6H20 + e- + 36-38ATP’s

What Type of Process is
Cellular Respiration?
 An Oxidation-Reduction Process
or REDOX Reaction
 Oxidation of GLUCOSE --> CO2
+ H2O (e- removed from
C6H12O6)
 Reduction O2 to H2O (e-
passed to O2)
What Carries the Electrons?
 NAD+
(nicotinadenine
dinucleotide) acts
as the energy
carrier
 NAD+ is a
coenzyme
 It’s Reduced to
NADH when it
picks up two
electrons and one
hydrogen ion
Are There Any Other
Electron Carriers?
 YES! Another
Coenzyme!
 FAD+ (Flavin
adenine
dinucleotide)
 Reduced to
FADH2
Other Cellular Respiration
Facts
 Metabolic Pathway that breaks down
carbohydrates
 Process is Exergonic as High-energy
Glucose is broken into CO2 and H2O
 Process is also Catabolic because
larger Glucose breaks into smaller
molecules
What are the Stages of
Cellular Respiration?
 Glycolysis
 The Krebs Cycle
 The Electron Transport Chain
 Oxidative phosphorylation
Where Does Cellular
Respiration Take Place?
 Itactually
takes place in
two parts of
the cell:
Glycolysis occurs
in the Cytoplasm
Krebs Cycle &
ETC Take place in
the MitochondriaCopyright Cmassengale
Review of Mitochondria
Structure
 Smooth outer
Membrane
 Folded inner
membrane
 Folds called
Cristae
 Space inside
cristae called the
Matrix
Diagram of the Process
Occurs
across
Cristae
Occurs in
Cytoplasm
Occurs in
Matrix
Glycolysis Summary
Takes place in the Cytoplasm
Anaerobic (Doesn’t Use Oxygen)
Requires input of 2 ATP
Glucose split into two molecules of

Pyruvate or Pyruvic Acid
Glycolysis Summary
• Also produces 2 NADH and 4 ATP

• Pyruvate is oxidized to Acetyl CoA
and CO2 is removed
Glycolysis
Diagram
Glycolysis
Fermentation
 Occurs when O2 NOT present
(anaerobic)
Called Lactic Acid fermentation in
muscle cells (makes muscles tired)
Called Alcoholic fermentation in
yeast (produces ethanol)
Nets only 2 ATP
A Little Krebs Cycle History
 Discovered by
Hans Krebs in
1937
 He received the
Nobel Prize in
physiology or
medicine in 1953
for his discovery
 Forced to leave
Germany prior to
WWII because he
was Jewish
Krebs Cycle Summary
 Requires Oxygen (Aerobic)
 Cyclical series of oxidation
reactions that give off CO2 and
produce one ATP per cycle
 Turns twice per glucose molecule
 Produces two ATP per glucose
 Takes place in matrix of
mitochondria
Krebs Cycle Summary
 Each turn of the Krebs Cycle
also produces 3NADH, 1FADH2,
and 2CO2
 Therefore, For each Glucose
molecule, the Krebs Cycle
produces 6NADH, 2FADH2,
4CO2, and 2ATP
Krebs Cycle
ATP
NETS: 3NADH, 1ATP, 1FADH , & 2CO
Electron Transport Chain
Summary
 34 ATP Produced
 H2O Produced
 Occurs Across Inner Mitochondrial
membrane
 Uses coenzymes NAD+ and FAD+ to
accept e- from glucose
 NADH = 3 ATP’s
 FADH2 = 2 ATP’s
Summary for cellular respiration
 Cellular respiration using glucose as fuel has 4 stages covering 4
metabolic pathways: glycolysis, kreb cyle, electron transport chain
(ETC), and finally oxidative phosphorylation.
 Glucose enters the cell and undergoes glycolysis in the cytosol. It splits
into two and each fragment transforms to pyruvate
 The 2 pyruvates from glucose enter the mitochondria and each
undergoes decarboxylation, forming Acetyl CoA.
 Each acetyl CoA enters Kreb cycle where it is connected to
oxaloacetate to create a 6-carbon citrate. Citrate undergoes a series
of rearrangements and consequent removal of 2 carbons, one at a time,
to reproduce oxaloacetate. In the process, it is also able to produce
3NADH and 1 FADH2 and 2 CO2 per turn
 All NADH and FADH2 inside the cell are picked up by ETC. The pair of
electrons each reduced coenzyme carries is transferred from one
enzyme complex of ETC to the next, until it reaches complex IV where
O2 is waiting, to finally produce H2O. Each cascade of pair of e- on ETC
activates ion pumps, 3 pumps activated by each NADH pump out 3 H+
and 2H+ by FADH2.
 Each H+ pumped out by ion pump returns to matrix, releasing energy,
which is used to reassemble ATP from ADP and P
Description of Each Metabolic Pathway
Glycolysis Decarboxlati Kreb cycle Electron Oxidativ
on of transport e
Pyruvate chain Phosphor
ylation
Descrip- Splits Removes one Connects acetyl transfers Produces
tion glucose into carbon of CoA to electrons from ATP by
2 and pyruvate to oxaloacetate to NADH and recombini
converts product acetyl form citrate, then FADH2 to O2 ng ADP
each CoA removes 2 carbons and pumps out and P
fragment from acetate one at H+ from using ETC
into pyruvate a time matrix energy
Location cytosol Matrix inside Matrix, inside the Embedded on Protruding
in the cell the mitochondria the inner on the wall
mitochondria membrane of of the
mitochondria inner
membrane
Raw 1 Glucose, 2 1 pyruvate per 1 Acetyl CoA per NADH or ADP, P and
materials ATP reaction cycle FADH2, & O2 energy
Main 2 Pyruvate 1 Acetyl CoA 3 NADH and 1 1 H2O per 3 ATP per
product per pyruvate FADH2 per turn cascade cascade
Other 2 NADH, 4 1 NADH & 1 2 CO2 & 1 ATP per energy None
products ATP’s CO2 per Copyright Cmassengale
turn
ATP’S PRODUCED FOR THE
METABOLISM OF ONE MOLECULE OF
GLUCOSE = 38 ATP’S
GLUCOSE
2 pyruvate 2 Acetyl CoA
Kreb 6 NADH 18 ATP

Glyco
ATP synthase
lysis cycle 2 FADH2 4 ATP
2 ATP 2 ATP
ETC
2 NADH 6 ATP
2 NADH 6 ATP
IN THE CYTOSOL INSIDE THE MITOCHONDRIA

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ADP, ATP and

Organic molecule containing high-

3 Phosphates Ribose Sugar

Thylakoid membrane system

6CO2 + 6H20 + e- + 36-38ATP’s

Anaerobic (Doesn’t Use Oxygen)

Requires input of 2 ATP

Glucose split into two molecules of

• Also produces 2 NADH and 4 ATP

Kreb 6 NADH 18 ATP

IN THE CYTOSOL INSIDE THE MITOCHONDRIA

Thank you for listening!

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