Obesity & Regulation of Body Weight Project

Dr. Aya Jammoul

Presented by Zahraa Jaafar Hashem
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NUTRIGENETICS VS NUTRIGENOMICS

 Nutrigenetics is the retrospective analysis of

genetic variations among individuals with
respect to the interaction between diet and
disease.

 It is an applied science that studies how

the genetic makeup of an individual affects the
response to diet and the susceptibility to diet-
related diseases.
DNA DIET TEST
NUTRIGENETICS VS NUTRIGENOMICS
 Nutrigenomics is a branch of nutritional
genomics and is the study of the effects of foods
and food constituents on gene expression.
 Nutrigenetics can be thought as the “inside out”
approach, since it starts with how the genes
inside our bodies affect how we use foods and
nutrition, while nutrigenomics is “outside in,” or
how the nutrients we consume outside the body
affect our genes.
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APPLICATIONS OF NUTRIGENETICS

 A number of genetic variations have been shown to

increase the susceptibility to diet-related diseases.

 These include variants that have been associated

with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, cardiovascular
diseases, some autoimmune diseases and cancers.

 Nutrigenetics aims to study these susceptible genes

and provide dietary interventions for individuals at
risk of such diseases.
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NUTRIGENETICS AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

 A number of genes are involved in regulating lipid

metabolism and insulin sensitivity, and thereby affecting
the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus.

 In mice models, overexpression of SREBP-1c led to fatty

livers, hypertriglyceridemia, severe insulin resistance and
finally type 2 diabetes mellitus.

 Studies in mice have shown that SREBP-1c was highly

induced in mice after the consumption of
high fructose diets.
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NUTRIGENETICS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
 Individuals with the E4 allele in the apolipoprotein E gene show
higher low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (bad cholesterol) levels
with increased dietary fat intake compared with those with the
other (E1, E2, E3) alleles receiving equivalent amounts of dietary
fat.

 One single nucleotide polymorphism in the apolipoprotein A1

gene in women is associated with an increase in High density
lipoprotein-cholesterol levels with the increase in the dietary
intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Individuals with
the A variant showed an increase in the protective HDL (good
cholesterol) levels following an increased consumption of PUFA
compared with those with the G variant taking similar amounts
of PUFA.
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WHY TO CHOOSE?
 Each person’s DNA is different, so a diet that
works for one person may not work for you.
 A trial-and-error approach to dieting can waste
so much time. You might have to try several diets
before you find one that works. And it can be
extremely frustrating if you follow a strict diet,
lose weight and then put it straight back on as
soon as the diet’s over.
 A DNA Dieting can help you to find the right diet
for you, for the long term.
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IS IT RELIABLE?
 The amount of information available is
overwhelming, and it will take time for scientists
to determine what genes and gene expressions
need to be focused on in order to achieve positive
health outcomes.
 Within genetic subgroups, it will also be critical
to test whether personalized recommendations
produce the expected outcome and benefits.
 It’s also important that this new nutritional
approached is integrated into the training of
nutritionists, dietitians and general
practitioners.