Four Pairs of Paranasal Sinuses

Frontal- above eyes in forehead bone.

 Maxillary- in cheekbones, under eyes.

 Ethmoid- between eyes and nose.

 Sphenoid- in center of skull, behind nose

and eyes.
 `hat is Sinusitis?
‡ It is a common infection that may occur in
any of the paranasal sinuses.

 Pansinusitis ± is an infection of one or

more sinuses.
 ‘


ëcute sinusitis symptoms often include:
 rainage of a thick, yellow or greenish discharge from the nose or down the
back of the throat.
 Nasal obstruction or congestion, causing difficulty breathing through your
nose
 Pain, tenderness, swelling and pressure around your eyes, cheeks, nose or
forehead
 ëching in your upper jaw and teeth
 Reduced sense of smell and taste
 Cough, which may be worse at night

Other signs and symptoms can include:

 Ear pain
 Sore throat
 Bad breath (halitosis)
 Fatigue
 Irritability
 Fever
 Nausea
 Pathophysiology
Precipitating factors: Predisposing factors:
‡ ëllergies, ‡ ëge
‡ Nasal ‡ Gender
deformities,
‡ HIV infection.
‡ Cold weather
 Gsually follows rhinitis, which may be viralorallergic,abrupt
pressurechanges (airplanes,diving)or dentalextractionsor infections

Inflammation andedema of mucous membranes lining the sinuses

obstruction.

This providesfor an opportunistic bacterial invasion.

`ith inflammation, the mucosal lining of the sinuses produce mucoid

drainage.
 Bacteria invade andpusaccumulates inside the sinus
cavities.

Postnasal drainage causesobstruction of nasal passages

and an inflamed throat

If the sinus orifices are blocked by swollen mucosal lining,

the pus cannot enter the nose and builds up pressure
inside the sinus cavities.
 Medical Management
‡ Gse of appropriate antibiotic to manage
the bacterial infection
‡ econgestants to reduce nasal edema
‡ Corticosteroids nasal sprays to reduce
mucosal inflammation
‡ Humidification by use of saline solution or
a vaporizers or humidifier to prevent nasal
crusting and to moisten secretions
 Nursing Management
‡ For 24 hrs. after surgery observe for
profuse nasal bleeding, respiratory
distress, ecchymosis, and orbital and
facial edema
‡ ëpply ice to the nose and cheek to
minimize edema and control bleeding
‡ Place client in a position with the head of
the bed greater than 45 deg,. For 24-48
hrs after surgery to minimize postoperative
edema
‡ Give mild analgesics to the client to
minimize discomfort postoperatively and
before removing of the packing
‡ Instruct client to increase fluid intake
‡ Teach client to sneeze only with the mouth
open
‡ Nasal saline sprays may be started 3 to 5
days after surgery to moisten the nasal
mucosa
‡ Explain to client to only engage in minimal
physical exercise and to avoid strenous
activity.