TSLB 3013 LINGUISTICS

BY:
KALIGUHAN A/L BASKARAN
NURHANIS BINTI KAMA
LING FANG QING

SHORT STORIES

CHILDREN STORY FAIRY TALE

CHILDREN
STORY
 Once upon a time…
There was a speedy Rabbit who bragged about how fast he
could run. Tired of hearing him boast, the Turtle challenged him to a
race. All the animals in the forest gathered to watch them.

The Rabbit ran down the road for a while and then and paused
to rest. He looked back at the Turtle and cried out, "How do you expect
to win this race when you are walking along at your slow, slow pace?"

The Rabbit stretched himself out alongside the road and fell
asleep, thinking, "There is plenty of time to relax."

The Turtle walked and walked, never ever stopping until he

came to the finish line.

The animals who were watching cheered so loudly for Turtle,

that they woke up Rabbit. The Rabbit stretched and yawned and began
to run again, but it was too late. Turtle was already over the line.
ANALYSIS OF
MORPHOLOGY
Morphology Examples from text Explanation

Free Paragraph 1 - Units of meaning which can

morpheme - fast, run, boast, race, forest stand alone as independent
word
Paragraph 2 - Can also exist alongside
- road, rest, expect, win, pace another free morpheme

Paragraph 3
- out, alongside, time, relax

Paragraph 4
- never, ever, until, finish, line

Paragraph 5
- again, late, over
Bound Paragraph 1 and 5 - Unit of meaning which can
morpheme - Animals only exist alongside a free
morpheme.
Paragraph 3 - It cannot stand alone as
- asleep independent word
 Morphology Examples from text Explanation

Derivational Paragraph 5 - Derivational morphemes can

Morpheme - loudly change the grammatical
category (part of speech) of a
word.
- Adjective  adverb

Suffix Paragraph 5 - added to the end of a word

- loudly

Inflectional Paragraph 1 & 5 - Do not change meaning or part

Morpheme -animals of speech
- They typically indicate syntactic
or semantic relations between
different words in the sentence.
Morphology Examples from Explanation
text

Compounding Paragraph 3 -Combining two or more words

- alongside together
- Along + Side = alongside

Morpheme- Paragraph 1 & 2 -Adding morphemes results in changes

internal - ran to a part of the word.
changes
(ablaut) Paragraph 2 - Run (present) – ran (past)
-fell -Fall (present) – fell (past)
-Come (present) – came (past)
Paragraph 4 -Wake up (present) – woke up (past)
-came -Begin (present) – began (past)

Paragraph 5
-woke up -began
ANALYSIS OF
SYNTAX
 Syntax Examples from text Explanation

Independent Paragraph 2 - a clause that can stand on

Clause - The Rabbit ran down the its own, by itself.
road for a while. - contains all the information
necessary to be a complete
sentences.

Dependent Paragraph 1 - a group of words with a

Clause - Tired of hearing him boast,
the Turtle challenged him to a
race.
subject and a verb.
- It does not express a
complete thought so it is
not a sentence and can’t
stand alone.
- These clauses include
adverb clauses, adjective
clauses and noun clauses.
 Syntax Examples from text Explanation

Simple Paragraph 5 - Contain one complete

Sentences - Turtle was already over the line.
Compound Paragraph 2
Sentences -The Rabbit ran down the road for a
while and then and paused to rest.
Paragraph 3
-The Rabbit stretched and yawned
and began to run again, but it was
too late.
verb and made up of one
main clause.
- Made up of two or more
main clauses.
- The main clauses are
joined by a conjunction,
semicolon or sentence
connector.

Complex Paragraph 5 Made up of a main clause

Sentences -The animals who were watching and one or more
cheered so loudly for Turtle, that subordinate clauses
they woke up Rabbit.
FAIRY TALE
Synopsis of Cinderella
In a far away, long ago kingdom, Cinderella is living happily
with her mother and father until her mother dies. Cinderella's father
remarries a cold, cruel woman who has two daughters, Drizella and
Anastasia. When the father dies, Cinderella's wicked stepmother
turns her into a virtual servant in her own house. Meanwhile, across
town in the castle, the King determines that his son the Prince should
find a suitable bride and provide him with a required number of
grandchildren. So the King invites every eligible maiden in the
kingdom to a fancy dress ball, where his son will be able to choose
his bride. Cinderella has no suitable party dress for a ball, but her
friends the mice, led by Jaques and Gus, and the birds lend a hand in
making her one, a dress the evil stepsisters immediately tear apart
on the evening of the ball. At this point, enter the Fairy Godmother,
the pumpkin carriage, the royal ball, the stroke of midnight, the glass
slipper, and the rest, as they say, is fairy tale history.
“SILLY ROMANTIC IDEAS”
FROM
CINDERELLA
Morphology Examples from the text Explanation
Free morpheme Son, King, time, girl, boy Units of meaning which can
stand alone as independent
word
Bound morpheme Ideas, matters, - Unit of meaning which can
messengers, impatient only exist alongside a free
morpheme.
- It cannot stand alone as
independent word, but
must be attached to
another morpheme
Inflectional Ideas Do not change meaning or
Morpheme Younger part of speech
Conditions Ideas (idea)
Younger (young)
Conditions (condition)
Prefix Impatient Added to the start of the word
Meaning: not patient
Morphology Examples from Explanation
the text

Suffix Invitations Added at the end of

the word

Derivational Invitations, meeting Change in the part of

morphemes speech
(verb to noun)
Syntax Examples from the Explanation
text
Independent clause He sent messengers to Sentence that can
deliver the invitations. stand on its own.

simple sentence. He sent messengers to Contain a complete

deliver the invitations. verb and are made up
of one main clause

compound sentence The King decided to hold Made of two main

a ball and invite every clauses and joined by
eligible maiden in the a coordinating
kingdom. conjunction, and.

Ambiguity: The King decided to hold A phase that has more

Lexical ambiguity the ball and invite every than one meaning.
eligible maiden in the
kingdom.
Morphology Examples from the Explanation
text
Free morpheme Young, ball, lady Can stand alone as an
independent word
Bound morpheme Maidens Cannot stand alone as an
independent word

Inflectional Closer, ladies Do not change meaning or part

morpheme of speech
- Closer(close)
- Ladies (lady)

Word formation: Throughout, Combine two or more words

Compounding understand, something together to form a new
complex word
- Through + out = throughout
- Under + stand = understand
- Some + thing = something
Syntax Examples from the text Explanation

Independent Meanwhile, the Prince Can stand on its own.

clause returned home and heard
of the plans.

Simple Still, he agreed to attend Contain one complete

sentence the ball. verb and made up of one
main idea.

Complex As the young lady after Made up of a main clause

sentence another came in and and more subordinate
curtsied, the Prince grew clauses joined by
bored. subordinating conjunction,
as.
Morphology Examples from Explanation
the text

Derivational Beautiful Changes the part of

morphemes speech
(noun to adjective)

Suffix Desperately, suddenly Added at the end of the

word

Word formation: Midnight, without, Combine two or more

Compounding everyone words together to form a
new complex word
Mid + night = midnight
With + out = without
Every + one = everyone
Syntax Examples from the Explanation
text
Independent clause - They danced without Can stand on its own.
saying a word.
Dependent clause - As he reached the Does not express a
beautiful maiden, he complete taught, so it
felt his heart flutter. is not a sentence and
can’t stand alone.

Complex sentence As he reached the Made up of a main

beautiful maiden, he clause and more
felt his heart flutter. subordinate clauses
joined by
subordinating
conjunction, as.

Simple sentences - This one was special. Contain one complete

- They danced without verb and made up of
saying a word. one main idea.
Morphology Examples from the Explanation
text
suffix Finally, perfectly, Added at the end
intentions of the word

Word formation: Heartbroken, Combine two or

Compounding understood, more words
stepsisters together to form a
new complex
word
Heart + broken =
heartbroken
Under + stood =
understood
Step + sisters =
stepsisters
Syntax Examples from the Explanation
text

Sentence types: Neither the Prince Made of two main

i) Compound sentence nor Cinderella had any clauses and joined by
intentions of losing a coordinating
each other ever again. conjunction, neither…
nor.

ii) simple sentence The Prince was Contain one complete

heartbroken. verb and made up of
one main idea.
iii) Complex sentence Just when he finally Made up of a main
understood true love, it clause and more
had been ripped away. subordinate clauses
joined by
subordinating
conjunction, when.
 REFERENCES
• Hare and Tortoise. (n.d.). Retrieved 22 September, 2015, from
kidsworldfun:
http://www.kidsworldfun.com/shortstories_hareandtortoise.php

• Dias, D. K. (n.d.). Family Story Collection Volume 2. New

York: Disney Press .