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PHARMACOLOGY
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LEARNING OUTCOMES
HEALTH
The World Health Organization's claim that health is “a state of
complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely
the absence of disease or infirmity.
DISEASE:
An abnormal condition of a part, organ, or system of an organis
m resulting from various causes, such as infection,
inflammation, environmental factors, or genetic defect, and char
acterized by an identifiable group of signs, symptoms, or both.
TREATMENT
Medical care given to a patient for an disease, illness or injury.
The application of medicines, surgery, psychotherapy
etc, to a patient or to a disease or symptom.
Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm(Ph.D) , M.B.A (Ph.D) 4
2. VARIOUS TYPES OF ALTERNATIVE
TREATMENT/ MEDICINE
1. SIDDHA
2.AYURVEDIC
3. HOMOEOPATHY
4. UNANI
5. YOGA
6. CHINESE
7. NATUROPATHY
8. ACUPRESSURE
9. ACUPUNCTURE
10. MALAY TRADITIONAL MEDICINE Con…
Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm(Ph.D) , M.B.A (Ph.D)
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HISTORY ALLOPATHIC MEDICINE
Allopathy: The system of medical
practice which treats disease by the use
of remedies which produce effects
different from those produced by the
disease under treatment. MDs
practice allopathic medicine.
STUDY OF DRUGS
Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm(Ph.D) , M.B.A (Ph.D) 7
Pharmacology (from pharmakon, the Greek word for drug) is
the study of drugs (substances that produce changes in
the body) and the characterization of their:
1,prevention of disease ,
2,medical diagnosis,
Natural products
1. http://hubpages.com/education/Where-do-
Plants drugs-come-from-Sources-of-Drugs
Animals 2. http://howmed.net/pharmacology/sources-of-
drugs/
Minerals
Bacteria and fungi 3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_product
Human
Chemical development
Synthetic / Semi synthetic of drug
Manipulation of genetic information
2. DRUG ABSORPTION
The movement of a drug into the bloodstream after administration.
3. DRUG DISTRIBUTION
The movement of a drug to and from the blood and various tissues of the body (for
example, fat, muscle, and brain tissue) and the relative proportions of drug in the
tissues.
4. DRUG METABOLISM
The process by which the body breaks down and converts medication into active
chemical substances.
elimination pathways:
Urine, Tears, Perspiration(SKIN), Saliva, Respiration, Milk, Faeces, Bile.
Dr.K.Saminathan.M.Pharm(Ph.D) , M.B.A (Ph.D) 25
TERMINOLOGY ELATED TO PHARMACOKINETICS
6. LOADING DOSE (OR) INITIAL DOSE
Comparatively large dose given at the beginning of treatment to start getting the effect of
a drug.
7. VOLUME OF DISTRIBUTION
The volume of distribution (Vd), also known as apparent volume of distribution, is the
total amount of administered drug would have to occupy (if it were uniformly distributed),
to provide the same concentration as it currently is in blood plasma.
Vd= A/C
A= amount of drug in the body
C= plasma concentration
8. RATE OF INFUSION
The rate of infusion (or dosing rate) refers not just to the rate at which a drug is
administered, but the desired rate at which a drug should be administered to achieve a
steady state of a fixed dose which has been demonstrated to be therapeutically
effective.
9.COMPARTMENT
volume of body fluids is distinguished from anatomic compartments.
11. BIOEQUIVALENCE
The relationship between two preparations of the same drug in the same dosage form
that have a similar bioavailability.
12. BIOLOGICAL HALF-LIFE (OR ) TERMINAL HALF-LIFE
A substance is the time it takes for a substance (for example
a metabolite, drug, signalling molecule, radioactive nuclide, or other substance) to lose
half of its pharmacologic, physiologic, or radiologic activity.