Project Support-CMMI Version 1.3

1
CMMI-Dev V 1.3
PROJECT SUPPORT
Author : Đoàn Đức Đề

E-mail: dedoan@gmail.com
Cell phone: (+084)938491888
@Author : Đoàn Đức Đề dedoan@gmail.com

Agenda
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►Project and Org Support Process Areas

►Configuration Management (CM)
►Process and Product Quality Assurance (PPQA)
►Measurement and Analysis (MA)
►Decision Analysis and Resolution (DAR)
►Project and Org Support Summary
►Q&A

Organization of Process Areas
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Purpose Project
Plans Process Area Sampling of
describes the purpose of the process Work Products – graphic
area showing a sampling of work
Relevant Terminology products in relation to PA
definitions of important terms specific practices
DAR SP 1.6
from the model glossary Select
Solutions Process Area Sampling of
When a PA Is Not Done Well… PA Relationships – graphic
discussion points for when a showing a sampling of PA
PA is not done well relationship to PA specific
practices
SG 1 Process Area Specific Goals Focus
PA specific goal statements
Areas
PA Case Study Example –
example application of the PA
SP 1 Process Area Specific Practices to the case study
PA specific practice titles*
* Only PA specific practice titles are presented, not PA specific practice statements which may provide more information.
For example, the specific practice statement for PP SP 1.1, “Establish a top-level work breakdown structure (WBS) to estimate
the scope of the project.” provides more information than the specific practice title, “Estimate the Scope of the Project”.

This Module Focuses On
4
Managing the
PAs Project
PP, PMC
REQD Organizing
Managing
and
RSKM the Work
SAM
Project and Org Product

PAs Support PAs Development
CM Providing RD,TS Doing the Work of the
PI Organization
PPQA Infrastructure for * Understanding the
MA Projects and VER Work
DAR Organizations VAL * Performing the Work
Processes
PAs Management
OPF
OPD Enabling
Improvement of
IPM the Work
OT

Project and Organizational Support Involves
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 Establishing and maintaining the integrity of work products

 Providing objective visibility into, and feedback on, processes
and associated work products throughout the life of the project to
support delivering high-quality products and services
 Establishing a measurement system to address the many
information needs of projects and the organization
 Determining which decisions should use a formal evaluation
process and then applying formal evaluation processes to make
good decisions

Topics
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Project and Org Support Process Areas

Configuration Management (CM)
Process and Product Quality Assurance (PPQA)
Measurement and Analysis (MA)
Decision Analysis and Resolution (DAR)
Project and Org Support Summary

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Purpose
Establish and maintain the integrity of work products using configuration
identification, configuration control, configuration status accounting, and
configuration audits.

Relevant Terminology
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Baseline
A set of specifications or work products that has been formally
reviewed and agreed on, which thereafter serves as the basis for
further development, and which can be changed only through
change control procedures.

When Configuration Management Is Not Done Well…
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A product baseline cannot be produced when needed.
Rework is performed during testing because components are not

what were expected.
A complete inventory of system components is unavailable when

needed.
A previous baseline cannot be rebuilt, and this wastes money and

resources during maintenance.

Configuration Management Goals
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Establish Baselines
SG 1 Baselines of identified work products are
established.
Track and Control Changes

SG 2 Changes to the work products under configuration
management are tracked and controlled.
Establish Integrity
SG 3 Integrity of baselines is established and
maintained.
The process area also has generic goals to support institutionalization.

Configuration Management Specific Practices
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Establish Baselines
SP 1.1 Identify Configuration Items
SG 1 SP 1.2 Establish a Configuration Management
System
SP 1.3 Create or Release Baselines
Track and Control Changes

SG 2 SP 2.1 Track Change Requests
SP 2.2 Control Configuration Items
Establish Integrity
SG 3 SP 3.1 Establish Configuration Management Records
SP 3.2 Perform Configuration Audits

Configuration Management Specific Practices -1
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Configuration Management
Track and Control

Establish Baselines Establish Integrity
Changes
Identify Configuration
Items • Identified Configuration Items
Establish a Configuration • Configuration Management System with Controlled Work Products

Management System • Configuration Management System Access Control Procedures
• Change Request Database
Goals
• Baselines Practices
Create or Release Baselines
• Description of Baselines Typical Work Products

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Track and Control

Changes
Track Change Requests • Change Requests
Control Configuration Items • Revision History of Configuration Items

• Archives of Baselines
Goals
Practices
Typical Work Products

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Track and Control

Changes
• Revision History of Configuration Items

Establish Configuration • Change Log
Management Records • Change Request Records
• Status of Configuration Items
• Differences between Baselines
Perform Configuration
• Configuration Audit Results
Audits
• Action Items
Goals
Practices

Configuration Management Sampling of Work Products
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SP 1.2 SP 1.1 SP 1.3 SP 3.2

Establish a Identify Create or Perform
Configuration Configuration Release Configuration
Management Items Baselines Audits
System
Change Configuration Reports and

Request Management Records Audit Results
Database System
SP 2.1 SP 2.2 SP 3.1
Track Control Establish

Change Configuration Configuration
Requests Items Management
Records

Configuration Management Sampling of PA Relationships
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SP 1.1 SP 1.2 SP 1.3
Identify Establish a Create or

Configuration Configuration Release
Items Management Baselines
System
All PAs
SP 2.1 SP 2.2
All Process
Track Control Areas
Change Configuration Control Work
Requests Items Products
SP 3.1 SP 3.2
Establish Perform
Configuration Configuration
Management Audits
Records

Configuration Management Case Study Example
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Which CM SPs could have prevented the problem?

PASS delivered updated software to SaveAll. SaveAll wanted
to know what changed, but PASS wasn’t sure because
Change Request records were incomplete.
1. SP 1.1 Identify Configuration Items

2. SP 1.2 Establish a Configuration Management System
3. SP 1.3 Create or Release Baselines
4. SP 2.1 Track Change Requests
5. SP 2.2 Control Configuration Items
6. SP 3.1 Establish Configuration Management Records
7. SP 3.2 Perform Configuration Audits

Topics
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Purpose
Provide staff and management with objective insight into processes
and associated work products.
Engineer QA

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Quality Assurance
A planned and systematic means for assuring management
that defined standards, practices, procedures, and methods
of the process are applied.
Objectively Evaluate
To review activities and work products against criteria that
minimize subjectivity and bias by the reviewer.
An example of an objective evaluation is an audit against

requirements, standards, or procedures by an independent
quality assurance function.

When Process and Product Quality Assurance Is Not Done Well…
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No assurance is available that quality standards and

processes are followed or achieved.
Poor quality work products may be produced.
There may be processes that staff avoid.
Significant project issues are not escalated for management

attention.

Process and Product Quality Assurance Goals
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Objectively Evaluate Processes and

Work Products
Adherence of the performed process and
SG 1 associated work products to applicable process
descriptions, standards, and procedures is
objectively evaluated.
Provide Objective Insight

SG 2 Noncompliance issues are objectively tracked and
communicated, and resolution is ensured.

Process and Product Quality Assurance Specific Practices
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Objectively Evaluate Processes and Work

Products
SG 1 SP 1.1 Objectively Evaluate Processes
SP 1.2 Objectively Evaluate Work Products
Provide Objective Insight

SP 2.1 Communicate and Resolve Noncompliance
SG 2 Issues
SP 2.2 Establish Records

Process and Product Quality Assurance Specific Practices-1
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Process and Product Quality Assurance
Provide Objective
Processes and Work
Insight
Products
Objectively Evaluate • Evaluate Reports

Processes • Noncompliance Reports
• Corrective Actions
Objectively Evaluate Work • Evaluate Reports

Products • Noncompliance Reports
• Corrective Actions
Goals
Practices

Process and Product Quality Assurance Specific Practices-2
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Process and Product Quality Assurance
Provide Objective
Processes and Work
Insight
Products
Communicate and Resolve • Corrective Action Reports

Noncompliance Issues • Evaluation Reports
• Quality Trends
• Evaluation Logs
Goals • Quality Assurance Reports
Establish Records
• Status Reports of Corrective Actions
Practices • Reports of Quality Trends

PPQA Sampling of Work Products
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SP 1.1 SP 1.2
Objectively Objectively
Evaluate Evaluate Work
Processes Products and
Services
Reports and
Records
SP 2.1 SP 2.2
Communicate
and Resolve Establish
Noncompliance Records
Relevant Issues
Stakeholders

PPQA Sampling of PA Relationships
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SP 1.1 SP 1.2
Objectively Objectively
Evaluate Evaluate Work All PAs
Processes Products
All Process
Areas
Evaluate
SP 2.1 SP 2.2 Adherence
Communicate
and Resolve Establish
Noncompliance Records
Issues

Objective Evaluations
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The OE process involves the following:

 Objectively evaluating processes, work products, and services
against the applicable process descriptions, standards, and
procedures
 Identify, document, fix and share lessons learned from
compliant and noncompliance issues
 Provide feedback to project staff and managers on the results
of quality assurance activities

PPQA - Case Study Example Focus Area
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Focus
Area Objectively Evaluate Processes and Work
Products
SG 1 SP 1.1 Objectively Evaluate Processes
SP 1.2 Objectively Evaluate Work Products

Process and Product Quality Assurance - Case Study Example
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Which are process evaluations? Which are product evaluations?

1. QA attends a peer review and mentions there should be an attendance
sheet
2. QA watches the engineers assemble a security system and notices a
component was put in the wrong place
3. QA reviews the requirements and notices a missing requirement
4. QA reviews the design and notices some engineering drawings are missing
5. QA notices test group does not always fill out problem reports

Topics
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Purpose
Develop and sustain a measurement capability used to support
management information needs.
System
Software
Hardware

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Base Measure
Measure defined in terms of an attribute and the method for
quantifying it.
A base measure is functionally independent of other

measures.
Derived Measures
Measure that is defined as a function of two or more values
of base measures.

When Measurement and Analysis Is Not Done Well…
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Measurements are used inappropriately.
Inappropriate measures can cause unintended behavior.
Management is based on perception rather than fact.
Measurement presentations may confuse rather than

enlighten.
Useless measures are collected.

Measurement and Analysis Goals
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Align Measurement and Analysis Activities

SG 1 Measurement objectives and activities are aligned
with identified information needs and objectives.
Provide Measurement Results

SG 2 Measurement results, which address identified
information needs and objectives, are provided.

Measurement & Analysis Specific Practices
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Align Measurement and Analysis Activities

SP 1.1 Establish Measurement Objectives
SP 1.2 Specify Measures
SG 1 SP 1.3 Specify Data Collection and Storage
Procedures
SP 1.4 Specify Analysis Procedures

SP 2.1 Obtain Measurement Data
SG 2 SP 2.2 Analyze Measurement Data
SP 2.3 Store Data and Results
SP 2.4 Communicate Results

Measurement & Analysis Specific Practices - 1
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Measurement and Analysis
Align Measurement Provide

and Analysis Measurement
Activities Results
Establish Measurement
Objectives • Measurement Objectives
Specify Measures • Specifications of Base and Derived Measures
Specify Data Collection and • Data Collection and Storage Procedures

Storage Procedures • Data Collection Tools
Goals
Specify Analysis Procedures • Analysis Specifications and Procedures
• Data Analysis Tools
Practices

Measurement & Analysis Specific Practices - 2
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Measurement and Analysis
Align Measurement Provide

and Analysis Measurement
Activities Results
Obtain Measurement Data • Base and Derived Measurement Data Sets

• Results of Data Integrity Tests
Analyze Measurement Data • Analysis Results and Draft Reports
Goals
Practices Store Data and Results • Store Data Inventory

• Delivered Reports and Related Analysis Results
Communicate Results • Contextual Information or Guidance to Help
Interpret Analysis Results

Measurement & Analysis Sampling of Work Products
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SP 1.1 SP 1.2 SP 1.3 SP 1.4
Establish Specify Data Specify

Measurement Specify Collection and Analysis
Objectives Measures Storage Procedures
Procedures
Measurement Measurement Measurement

Objectives Repository Results Information
Information Needs
Needs
SP 2.1 SP 2.2 SP 2.3 SP 2.4
Obtain Analyze Store Data Communicate

Measurement Measurement and Results Results
Data Data

Measurement & Analysis Sampling of PA Relationships
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SP 1.1 SP 1.2
Establish Specify
Measurement Measures
Objectives QPM SP 1.4
Select
Measures and
SP 1.3 SP 1.4 Analytic
Techniques
Specify Data Specify
Collection and Analysis
Storage Procedures
Procedures
SP 2.1 SP 2.2 SP 2.3 SP 2.4
Obtain Analyze Store Data Communicate

Measurement Measurement and Results Results
Data Data

Basic Measures
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SMART : Specific, Measurable,

Attainable, Realistic, Time bound
 Examples
 Size
 Size deviation (plan vs. actual)
 Effort
 Effort deviation (plan vs. actual)
 Schedule
 Schedule deviation (plan vs. actual)
 Quality
 Defect density

Measurement & Analysis Case Study Example Focus Area
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SG 2 SP 2.1 Obtain Measurement Data
Focus
Area SP 2.2 Analyze Measurement Data
SP 2.3 Store Data and Results
SP 2.4 Communicate Results

Measurement and Analysis Case Study Example
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Which graphs show measurement data are analyzed?

1
80
2
80
Actual Actual
Actuals
70 exceeding 70
Cost in $K
Cost in $K
60 threshold Plan
60
Plan
50 50
40 40
30 30
Jan Feb Jan Feb
3 Risk realized,
80 Actual 804 started Actual
70 Actual is 70 contingency
increasing plans
Cost in $K
Cost in $K
Plan Plan
60 60
50 50
40 40
30 30
Jan Feb Jan Feb

Topics
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Purpose
Analyze possible decisions using a formal evaluation process that
evaluates identified alternatives against established criteria.

Decision Analysis and Resolution Applicability
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Documented guidelines should be provided when formal evaluation

processes are to be used.
Guidelines often suggest using formal evaluation processes when
issues are associated with medium to high risks or when issues
affect the ability to achieve project objectives.

When Decision Analysis and Resolution Is Not Done Well…
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It is unclear who is authorized to make what decisions.
Decisions are made subjectively.
Rationale is unavailable when needed to understand an

earlier decision.
Too few choices are considered for major decisions.
Missing a more optimal solution costs time, money, credibility,

and perhaps even the whole project.

Decision Analysis and Resolution Goals
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Evaluate Alternatives
SG 1 Decisions are based on an evaluation of
alternatives using established criteria.

Decision Analysis and Resolution Specific Practices
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SP 1.1 Establish Guidelines for Decision
Analysis
SP 1.2 Establish Evaluation Criteria
SG 1 SP 1.3 Identify Alternative Solutions
SP 1.4 Select Evaluation Methods
SP 1.5 Evaluate Alternative Solutions
SP 1.6 Select Solutions

Decision Analysis and Resolution Specific Practices - 1
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Decision Analysis and Resolution
Establish Guidelines for

Decision Analysis • Guidelines for When to Apply a Formal Evaluation Process
Establish Evaluation Criteria • Documented Evaluation Criteria

• Ranking of Criteria Importance
Identify Alternative
Solutions • Identified Alternatives
Goals
Practices
Select Evaluation Methods • Selected Evaluation Methods
Evaluate Alternative
Solutions • Evaluation Results
Select Solutions • Recommended Solutions to Address Significant Issues

Decision Analysis and Resolution - Sampling of Work Products
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SP 1.1 SP 1.2 SP 1.3 SP 1.4

Establish Establish Identify Select
Guidelines for Evaluation Alternative Evaluation
Decision Criteria Solutions Methods
Analysis
Guidelines Criteria Proposed Methods

Alternatives
SP 1.5 SP 1.6
Evaluate Select
Alternative Solutions
Solutions

Decision Analysis and Resolution - Sampling of PA Relationships
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SP 1.1 SP 1.2 SP 1.3

Establish Establish Identify
Guidelines for Evaluation Alternative
Decision Criteria Solutions TS SP 1.2
Analysis
Select
Product
SP 1.4 SP 1.5 SP 1.6 Component
Solutions
Select Evaluate Select
Evaluation Alternative Solutions
Methods Solutions TS SP 2.4
Perform
Make, Buy, or
Reuse
SAM SP 1.2 CAR SP 1.1 Analyses
Select Select
Suppliers Outcomes for
Analysis

Decision Analysis and Resolution - Case Study Example Focus Areas
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Focus
Area SP 1.1 Establish Guidelines for Decision
Analysis
SP 1.2 Establish Evaluation Criteria
SG 1 SP 1.3 Identify Alternative Solutions
Focus
Area SP 1.4 Select Evaluation Methods
SP 1.5 Evaluate Alternative Solutions
SP 1.6 Select Solutions

Decision Analysis and Resolution - Case Study Example
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Project plans should address SP 1.1 and SP 1.4

Example
Use DAR for selecting make-buy-reuse, suppliers, architectural decisions
or design alternatives, and engineering tools. subject to
DAR
Use the following criteria to determine when to apply DAR.
• The cost of the decision is greater than $10,000 Example
• The schedule is affected by more than 1 month criteria for
• The decision can introduce significant risk to the project
when to
apply DAR
Use one of the following evaluation methods:
• Trade Study – Compare similar alternatives against weighted
evaluation
criteria (e.g., cost, reliability, features, etc.) to objectively determine the
best solution Example
• Consensus or Voting - Use consensus or voting to make the final evaluation
decision. Only use this method if all relevant stakeholders are present. methods
• Survey or Interviews – Gather enough information from experts until a
trend/pattern is observed to make the best decision.

Topics
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Project and Organizational Support Summary
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Project and Org

PAs Support
CM Providing
PPQA Infrastructure for
MA Projects and
DAR Organizations
CM: Configuration Management

Emphasizes configuration management processes for selected work
products.
PPQA: Process and Product Quality Assurance
Evaluates the quality of processes and work products.
MA: Measurement and Analysis
Addresses the information needs of the organization and projects
with a measurement system.
DAR: Decision Analysis and Resolution
Supports making major decisions using a formal decision process.

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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

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1

Author : Đoàn Đức Đề

@Author : Đoàn Đức Đề dedoan@gmail.com

►Project and Org Support Process Areas

@Author : Đoàn Đức Đề dedoan@gmail.com

@Author : Đoàn Đức Đề dedoan@gmail.com

Project and Org Product

@Author : Đoàn Đức Đề dedoan@gmail.com

 Establishing and maintaining the integrity of work products

@Author : Đoàn Đức Đề dedoan@gmail.com

Project and Org Support Process Areas

@Author : Đoàn Đức Đề dedoan@gmail.com

@Author : Đoàn Đức Đề dedoan@gmail.com

@Author : Đoàn Đức Đề dedoan@gmail.com

A product baseline cannot be produced when needed.

Rework is performed during testing because components are not

A complete inventory of system components is unavailable when

A previous baseline cannot be rebuilt, and this wastes money and

@Author : Đoàn Đức Đề dedoan@gmail.com

Track and Control Changes

The process area also has generic goals to support institutionalization.

@Author : Đoàn Đức Đề dedoan@gmail.com

Track and Control Changes

@Author : Đoàn Đức Đề dedoan@gmail.com

Track and Control

Establish a Configuration • Configuration Management System with Controlled Work Products

@Author : Đoàn Đức Đề dedoan@gmail.com

Track and Control

Track Change Requests • Change Requests

Control Configuration Items • Revision History of Configuration Items

Typical Work Products

@Author : Đoàn Đức Đề dedoan@gmail.com

Track and Control

• Revision History of Configuration Items

@Author : Đoàn Đức Đề dedoan@gmail.com

SP 1.2 SP 1.1 SP 1.3 SP 3.2

Change Configuration Reports and

SP 2.1 SP 2.2 SP 3.1

Track Control Establish

@Author : Đoàn Đức Đề dedoan@gmail.com

SP 1.1 SP 1.2 SP 1.3

Identify Establish a Create or

@Author : Đoàn Đức Đề dedoan@gmail.com

Which CM SPs could have prevented the problem?

1. SP 1.1 Identify Configuration Items

@Author : Đoàn Đức Đề dedoan@gmail.com

Project and Org Support Process Areas

@Author : Đoàn Đức Đề dedoan@gmail.com

@Author : Đoàn Đức Đề dedoan@gmail.com

An example of an objective evaluation is an audit against

@Author : Đoàn Đức Đề dedoan@gmail.com

No assurance is available that quality standards and

Poor quality work products may be produced.

There may be processes that staff avoid.

Significant project issues are not escalated for management

@Author : Đoàn Đức Đề dedoan@gmail.com

Objectively Evaluate Processes and

Provide Objective Insight

The process area also has generic goals to support institutionalization.

@Author : Đoàn Đức Đề dedoan@gmail.com

Objectively Evaluate Processes and Work

Provide Objective Insight

@Author : Đoàn Đức Đề dedoan@gmail.com

Process and Product Quality Assurance