GETARAN

MEKANIS
OLEH:
IR. H. NEFLI YUSUF, M. ENG.
Materi:
• Gerakan berulang (Oscillatory motion)
• Getaran bebas (Free vibration)
• Getaran gerakan selaras (Harmonically excited
vibration)
• Getaran transient (Transient vibration)
• Sistem dengan dua atau lebih derajat
kebebasan (Systems with two or more degrees
of freedom)
• Sifat-sifat sistem getaran (Properties of
vibrating systems)
APA ITU GETARAN (VIBRATION)?
MENGAPA BELAJAR GETARAN?
HISTORY OF VIBRATION
• several millennia B.C., China and India, drums, flutes, and stringed
instruments.
• ancient Egyptians and Greeks explored sound and Vibration, a
harp since at least 3000 B.C., experimented on sounds generated
by blacksmiths and related them to music and physics.
• The Chinese developed a mechanical seismograph (an instrument
to detect and record earthquake vibrations) in the 2nd century A.D.
HISTORY CONT. 1
Robert Hooke (1635–1703) of the Hooke’s law fame
Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1727), who gave us calculus and the
laws of motion for analyzing vibrations
Daniel Bernoulli (1700–1782) and Leonard Euler (1707–1783),
who studied beam vibrations (Bernoulli-Euler beam) and also
explored dynamics and fluid mechanics;
Joseph Lagrange (1736–1813), who studied vibration of strings
and also explored the energy approach to formulating equations
of dynamics;
Charles Coulomb (1736–1806), who studied torsional vibrations
and friction;
Joseph Fourier (1768–1830), who developed the theory of
frequency analysis of signals; and
Simeon-Dennis Poisson (1781–1840), who analyzed vibration of
membranes and also analyzed elasticity (Poisson’s ratio).
HISTORY CONT. 2
Rankine (1820–1872), who studied critical speeds of shafts;
Kirchhoff (1824–1887), who analyzed vibration of plates;
Rayleigh (1842–1919), who made contributions to the theory
of sound and vibration and developed computational
techniques for determining natural vibrations;
de Laval (1845–1913), who studied the balancing problem of
rotating disks;
Poincaré (1854–1912), who analyzed nonlinear vibrations;
and
Stodola (1859–1943), who studied vibrations of rotors,
bearings, and continuous systems.
DEFINITION OF VIBRATION
AND OSCILLATION
• Vibration is an oscillation wherein the quantity is a parameter
defining the motion of a mechanical system.
• Oscillation is the variation, usually with time, of the
magnitude of a quantity with respect to a specified
reference when the magnitude is alternately greater and
smaller than the reference
KLASIFIKASI GETARAN
• Free » Linear
• Forced » Nonlinear

– Undamped Deterministic
– Damped Random
CONT.
Free Vibration: A system is left to vibrate on its own after an
initial disturbance and no external force acts on the system.
[E.g. simple pendulum]

Forced Vibration: A system that is subjected to a repeating

external force. [E.g. oscillation arises from diesel engines]
Undamped Vibration: When no energy is lost or dissipated in
friction or other resistance during oscillations

Damped Vibration: When any energy is lost or dissipated in

friction or other resistance during oscillations
Linear Vibration: When all basic components of a vibratory
system, i.e. the spring, the mass and the damper behave
linearly

Nonlinear Vibration: If any of the components behave

nonlinearly
Deterministic or (Periodic) Vibration: If the value or magnitude of
the excitation (force or motion) acting on a vibratory system is
known at any given time
Nondeterministic or random Vibration: When the value of the
excitation at a given time cannot be predicted
TYPE OF SIGNALS
MECHANICAL PARAMETER AND
COMPONENTS
SIMPLEST FORM OF
VIBRATION SYSTEM
CONVERTION FROM
DISPLACEMENT TO ACCELERATION
TIME SIGNAL
DESCRIPTORS
MASS AND SPRING
MASS, SPRING AND
DAMPER
FORCE VIBRATION
RESPONSE COMBINE
RESPONSE MODEL
“REAL-WORLD”
RESPONSE
FORCE AND
VIBRATION