Oeo107060 Lte Eran6.0 Handover Feature Issue1.00

LTE eRAN6.
0
Handover Feature
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
 Describe the type of handover in LTE
 Describe the feature and parameters for intra-frequency

handover
 Describe the feature and parameters for inter-frequency

handover
 Describe the feature and parameters for inter-RAT handover
 List relevant counters for handover
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
Contents
1. Technical Description
2. Intra-frequency Handover
3. Inter-frequency Handover
4. Inter-RAT Handover
Mobility Management Overview
Mobility Management
Idle State Connected State
Cell Reselection Handover Redirection
Intra-frequency Inter-frequency Inter-RAT
Redirection Introduction
 Redirection is the substitute solution for handover ,used in
the following scenario:
 UE or network doesn’t support handover
 There is no neighbor relation
 When redirection is triggered, eNodeB sends the UE an

“RRC Connection Release” message which contains
information about a neighboring frequency in the LTE
system or in another RAT system.
Handover Procedure & Entities
UE Capability UE Measurement
UE Capability Handling
Gap pattern control
Xxx Based Trigger Measurement Handling

MRO
Blind Handover
Neighbor Cell
Candidate Cell Filter Handover Decision Management
eNodeB
Handover
Handover Execution Entities
Handover Trigger Scenarios
Handover Type Measurement Trigger
Intra-frequency The measurement configuration is performed when the UE
establishes a radio bearer. The UE performs intra-frequency
Coverage measurements by default.
based Inter-frequency The eNodeB delivers the measurement configuration to the UE
Inter-RAT when the signal quality in the serving cell is lower than the
associated threshold.
Load Inter-frequency The measurements are triggered by the Mobility Load Balancing
based Inter-RAT (MLB) algorithm.
Frequency Inter-frequency The measurements are triggered by event A1
-priority-
based
Service Inter-RAT The eNodeB triggers the measurements after it finds that only the
based Inter-frequency voice service is running on the UE.
UL service Inter-RAT The eNodeB triggers the measurement after it detects UL power
quality Inter-frequency insufficient at the UE
Based
Distance Inter – frequency The measurements are triggered by distance if it is more than the
based Inter -RAT specific threshold
Measurement Control Information
RRC Reconfiguration Message
 eNodeB should deliver all the measurement control

parameters to UE via RRC reconfiguration, including
measurement object, report configuration, measurement ID
and filter configuration .
 Besides, for inter-frequency/inter-RAT measurement, it also

includes gap configuration for gap-assisted measurement.
Measurement Object – Frequency
Parameters Description
DlEarfcn Indicates the DL EARFCN of the inter-frequency E-
UTRAN cell
MeasBandWidth Indicates the measurement bandwidth for inter/intra-
frequency neighboring cells
QoffsetFreq Indicates the frequency offset of the inter-frequency
neighboring cell
neighCellConfig Indicate whether all the neighbor have the same
configuration or not
PresenceAntenn Indicates whether all of the inter-frequency neighboring
aPort1 cells are configured with the double-TX antenna.
High priority If we configure some specific neighbors as high
neighbor cell list measurement priority, then eNodeB will deliver these
(Optional) cells information as well .(New introduced in eRAN6.0)
Event Triggered Report
Events Threshold Action
A1 Signal quality in the serving cell is higher than a The eNodeB stops inter-frequency or
specified threshold inter-RAT measurements.
A2 Signal quality in the serving cell is lower than a The eNodeB starts inter-frequency or
specified threshold inter-RAT measurements
A3 Signal quality in at least one intra-frequency/inter- Source eNodeB sends an intra-
frequency neighboring cell is higher than that in the frequency/inter-frequency handover
serving cell request.
A4 Signal quality is higher than a specified threshold in Source eNodeB sends an inter-
at least one inter-frequency neighboring cell frequency handover request.
A5 A2 + A4 (New events in eRAN3.0) Source eNodeB sends an inter-

frequency handover request.
B1 Signal quality is higher than a specified threshold in source eNodeB sends an inter-RAT
at least one inter-RAT neighboring cell handover request.
B2 A2 + B1 source eNodeB sends an inter-RAT

handover request.
eNodeB Neighbor Management
cdma2000
Intra-frequency
neighbor
UMTS Inter-frequency
Neighbor
Black Cell Neighbor neighbor
Management
Inter-RAT
neighbor
LTE2.6G
GSM
Neighbor Black
cell
LTE2.6G
LTE 800M
Contents
Intra-frequency Handover Procedure
Measurement Triggers eNodeB Makes Decision eNodeB Performs
(Coverage Based) Handover
Measurement Configuration Event Triggered Periodical Admission Procedure
message Reporting Signaling Procedure Execution
Measurement RSRP/RSRQ
Intra-eNodeB cell has higher Retry Mechanism (attempt to
Event A3
priority to reduce Inter-eNodeB next target cell in measurement
Black cell list
signaling or data forwarding. report list)
If criteria is matched, UE sends
Via S1 or X2
measurement report.
Intra-Frequency Measurement Trigger
 After UE attachment, eNodeB sends RRC reconfiguration
message which includes intra-frequency measurement
control info which assist UE to perform intra-frequency
measurement
Trace from eNodeB
Element Introduction – Measurement
Object
Optional part
Element Introduction – Report
Configuration
Element Introduction – Measurement ID
 Based on the object and report configuration, eNodeB

creates one or more measurement ID linked with object ID
and report ID. And this ID should be also included in the UE
report, so eNodeB can differentiate each reports
Measurement Report
How to differentiate each measurement report??
 In the measurement report, it shows the ID to indicate the

type of report
Handover Decision – Filtering List
Obtain candidate list
Measurement Report
Decide target cell
 After receive measurement report, eNodeB makes

candidate list after filtering the following
 Neighboring cells that have a different PLMN from the serving
cell if the inter-PLMN
 Neighboring cells with a handover prohibition flag
Handover Decision – Target Decision
 After get candidate list, eNodeB will rank the list with the
following priority:
 The best RSRP/RSRQ neighbor cell
 Intra-eNodeB neighbor cell if reported result is the same
 Inter-eNdoeB neighbor cell with X2 interface if reported result

is the same.
 The eNodeB then sends a handover request to the target

cell at the top of the candidate cell list.If the handover
request fails, the eNodeB sends the handover request to the
next target cell.
Handover Execution – S1/X2
Adaption
Adaption
 In the case of an intra-MME inter-eNodeB handover, the
source eNodeB checks whether the X2 interface is available
between the source and target eNodeBs or not and then
automatically selects a path for the handover as follows:
 If the X2 interface is available, the handover request is sent
over the X2 interface. Data forwarding is also performed over
the X2 interface.
 If the X2 interface is unavailable, the handover request is sent
over the S1 interface. Data forwarding is also performed over
the S1 interface.
Adaption
 In the case of an inter-MME inter-eNodeB handover, the
handover request is sent over the S1 interface. In addition,
the source eNodeB checks whether the X2 interface is
available between the source and target eNodeBs or not
and then automatically selects a path for data forwarding as
follows:
 If the X2 interface is available, data forwarding is performed
over the X2 interface.
 If the X2 interface is unavailable, data forwarding is performed
over the S1 interface.
Retry and Penalty
 If admission failure with target eNodeB, source eNodeB will
try the next target until it gets succeed feedback from it. If all
the target are failed for handover preparation, source
eNodeB will wait for the next UE report.
 The eNodeB imposes a penalty on a cell where a non-
resource-induced admission failure has occurred. In a
handover attempt, the eNodeB does not send a handover
request to such a cell. This increases the handover success
rate and reduces the number ofdropped calls caused by
handover failures.
Measurement Report
 This command is used to modify the parameters for

measurement report
A3 Event Parameters – Cell Offset
Evaluate neighbor
cell measurement
Evaluate serving
cell measurement
A3 Event Parameters – Service
Based
Typical Handover Flow
RRC Reestablishment Procedure
Handover Random RRC

Cell search
Failure access reestablishment
Contents
Classification of Inter-frequency
Handover
Measurement report (A2)
Inter-frequency measurement activate

Handover command
Handover command
Measurement based HO Blind HO
 Measurement based handover: HO must be trigged by inter-

frequency measurement report
 Blind handover: Skip inter-frequency measurement, directly
execute HO based on priority configuration
Inter-frequency Handover Procedure
Measurement Triggers Measurement eNodeB Makes eNodeB Performs
(Coverage Based) Decision Handover
GAP-Assisted Measurement Event Triggered Periodical
UE Reporting Event A2 to Admission Procedure
trigger inter-frequency Reporting Execution
Event Triggered Periodical
measurement based on Reporting A3/A4/A5 Retry Mechanism (attempt to
Single or both of RSRP /
coverage next target cell in
RSRQ considered to make
Single or both of decision measurement report list) If
RSRP/RSRQ monitored to Admission or Handover
trigger IF measurement Via S1 or X2 Failure
Stop measuring when Event
A1 is met
Measurement Trigger
 Coverage-based handover
 Measurement trigger : A2 event
 Measurement stop: A1 event
 Load- based handover
 The triggering and stopping of inter-frequency measurements for load-based
handover are determined by the MLB algorithm. When the load of the serving
cell reaches the threshold for inter-frequency load balancing, the MLB
algorithm selects a number of UEs based on the frequency capabilities of the
UEs, ARPs, and resource usage and then instructs the UEs to perform gap-
assisted inter-frequency measurements for load-based handovers or blind
handover.
 Frequency priority – based handover
 Measurement trigger: A1 event
 Measurement stop: A2 event
Measurement Trigger (Con.)
 Service based
 The eNodeB triggers the measurements after identifying the
UE having certain service characteristics.
 UL quality based
 The eNodeB triggers the measurements after it detects
unsatisfactory UL quality for the UE.
 Distance-based
 The eNodeB triggers the measurements after it detects that the
reported TA exceeds a threshold
Measurement Object Configuration
 Measurement object
 The information on a measurement object includes the
frequency, measurement bandwidth , and frequency-specific
offset
Distance Based Measurement Trigger
Note: The neighbor distance with exceed a threshold is considered as

abnormal neighbor which can not be configured in NRT
UL Quality Based Measurement
Trigger
1. MCS < MCS_threshold (5QPSK 1/3) F1
IBLER > IBLER threshold (20%)
2. Sends target cell and 2

instructs UE to initiate 1
GAP measurement
4
3. Sends GAP measurement
report to the eNodeB F2 3
4. Instruct UE to HO
 1. eNodeB evaluates MCS and IBLER of uplink

 2. eNdodeB triggers inter-frequency measurement
 3. UE report inter-frequency measurement result
 4. HO is trigged by eNodeB
Measurement Activation/Deactivation
Measurement Activate Measurement Deactivate
 After eNodeB receive the report of A2/A1, it will activate or

stop inter-frequency measurement via another RRC
reconfiguration message.
Inter-frequency Handover Report
Event
 For coverage based scenario:
 A3/A4/A5 can be used to trigger inter-frequency HO, decided
by InterFreqHoEventType parameter
 For the other scenario:

 Only A4 event can be used
 A5 event is recommend to prevent pingpong handover
Relevant Configuration – Common
Parameters
Relevant Configuration – QCI Based
Threshold
A1/A2
parameters
A4 parameters
Frequency
based A1/A2
configuration
Relevant Configuration – Special
A1A2 Threshold
Special A2
threshold for
FDD/TDD
target
Special A1/A2
threshold for
coverage based
blind handover
Contents
2. Intra-frequency Handover Description
3. Inter-frequency Handover Description
4. Inter-RAT Handover Description
Inter-RAT Handover Procedure
Measurement Triggers Measurement eNodeB Makes Decision eNodeB Performs
(Coverage Based) Handover
GAP-Assisted Measurement Reporting
UE Reporting Event A2 to Admission Procedure
To be considered to make
trigger inter-frequency decision: Signaling Procedure
measurement based on RSCP or Ec/No for UMTS Execution
Reporting B1/B2 (for
coverage Rx_Level for GSM Retry Mechanism (attempt to
U/G/C)
Pilot Strength for CDMA2000
Single or both of RSRP / next target cell in
RSRQ monitored to trigger measurement report list) if
IF measurement admission or handover failure
Stop measuring when
Event A1 is met
Measurement Trigger
 Coverage based:
 The same as inter-frequency handover, use event A2/A1
 Enhanced A1A2 threshold for UTRAN and GERAN (eRAN6.0
enhancement)
 Load based/Distance based/UL quality based

 The same as inter-frequency handover
 Service based
 In a service-based handover, the eNodeB hands over a UE to another
system based on the type of the service running on the
InterRatHoStateUE.
 The applicability of handover is set through the parameter, whose values
are MUST_HO, NO_HO, and PERMIT_HO.
Service Based HO Configuration
Measurement Object
System Object Parameters
RSCP InterRATHoUtranB1ThdRSCP for coverage-
based handovers
LdSvBasedHoUtranB1ThdRSCP for load and
service-based handovers
UMTS
Ec/No InterRATHoUtranB1ThdEcN0 for coverage-
based handovers
LdSvBasedHoUtranB1ThdECN0 for load- and
service-based handovers
InterRATHoGeranB1Thd for coverage-based
handovers
GERAN RSSI LdSvBasedHoGeranB1Thd for load and service-
based handovers
cdma2000 Pilot InterRATHoCDMAB1ThdPS for coverage-based
Strength handovers
Inter-RAT Handover Event
 For coverage based scenario:
 B1 and B2 can be used and decided by InterRatHoEventType
 For the other scenario:

 Only B1 is supported
Inter-RAT HO Common Configuration
Report Configuration – Common
A1A2
Report Configuration – Dedicated A2
For RAT
Report Configuration – GSM & UMTS
GSM
UMTS
Handover Execution
LTE PS 2G(GPRS)/3G PS LTE VOIP 2G/3G CS LTE PS GSM PS
PS handover SRVCC CCO/NACC
E-UTRAN to UTRAN CS/PS Steering
 Application scenarios: Multiple frequencies are deployed in
UTRAN to separate CS/PS traffic. The function will be applied
during inter_RAT handover to UTRAN and CSFB to UTRAN
scenario
 Feature benefit: We can set the UTRAN frequency priority based
on the service type (CS or PS)
 In case of measurement based handover: eNodeB just deliver the
high priority frequency for UE measurement based on service type
so that UE doen’t need to measure all frequencies.
 In case of blind handover: eNodeB selects the target with high
frequency priority based on service type.
How to Enable the Feature
 Activate the feature in the license, the control item is “E-
UTRAN to UTRAN CS/PS Steering”
 Turn on relevant switch:

 Prerequisite switches should be turned on, including
“UtranPsHoSwitch” and “UtranCsfbSwitch” ; If blind handover
is used, one additional switch “BlindHoSwitch” should be
turned on as well
 Turn on the dedicated switch for steering: “FreqLayerSwtich”
Relevant MML – Algorithm Switch
Generic switch for UTRAN
PS handover and blind
CSFB switch for CS
handover
steering
Switch for PS/CS steering
Relevant MML – CS/PS Steering
Priority
LTE-GSM/UMTS PS Handover Flow
LTE – GSM/UMTS SRVCC Flow
LTE – GSM CCO/NACC Flow
Summary
 The typical handover application scenario
 The procedure of handover
 Event type used for each handover
 Relevant parameters
Abbreviations
 CCO: Cell Change Order
 CIO: Cell Individual Offset
 NACC: Network Assistant Cell Change
 SRVCC: Single Radio Voice Call Continuity
Thank you
www.huawei.com

Oeo107060 Lte Eran6.0 Handover Feature Issue1.00

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LTE eRAN6.

Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Describe the feature and parameters for intra-frequency

 Describe the feature and parameters for inter-frequency

 Describe the feature and parameters for inter-RAT handover

 List relevant counters for handover

Idle State Connected State

Cell Reselection Handover Redirection

Intra-frequency Inter-frequency Inter-RAT

 There is no neighbor relation

 When redirection is triggered, eNodeB sends the UE an

Gap pattern control

Xxx Based Trigger Measurement Handling

 eNodeB should deliver all the measurement control

 Besides, for inter-frequency/inter-RAT measurement, it also

A5 A2 + A4 (New events in eRAN3.0) Source eNodeB sends an inter-

B2 A2 + B1 source eNodeB sends an inter-RAT

Trace from eNodeB

 Based on the object and report configuration, eNodeB

How to differentiate each measurement report??

 In the measurement report, it shows the ID to indicate the

Decide target cell

 After receive measurement report, eNodeB makes

 Neighboring cells with a handover prohibition flag

 Intra-eNodeB neighbor cell if reported result is the same

 Inter-eNdoeB neighbor cell with X2 interface if reported result

 The eNodeB then sends a handover request to the target

 This command is used to modify the parameters for

Handover Random RRC

Inter-frequency measurement activate

Measurement based HO Blind HO

 Measurement based handover: HO must be trigged by inter-

Note: The neighbor distance with exceed a threshold is considered as

2. Sends target cell and 2

 1. eNodeB evaluates MCS and IBLER of uplink

Measurement Activate Measurement Deactivate

 After eNodeB receive the report of A2/A1, it will activate or

 For the other scenario:

 A5 event is recommend to prevent pingpong handover

2. Intra-frequency Handover Description

3. Inter-frequency Handover Description

4. Inter-RAT Handover Description

 Load based/Distance based/UL quality based

 For the other scenario:

LTE PS 2G(GPRS)/3G PS LTE VOIP 2G/3G CS LTE PS GSM PS

PS handover SRVCC CCO/NACC

 Turn on relevant switch:

 Turn on the dedicated switch for steering: “FreqLayerSwtich”

Switch for PS/CS steering

 The procedure of handover

 Event type used for each handover

 CIO: Cell Individual Offset

 NACC: Network Assistant Cell Change

 SRVCC: Single Radio Voice Call Continuity

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