A Project on

Structural and electrical properties of PVDF/BaTiO3

nano-composites

Supervisor Presented by-

Dr. M. PANDA AVANEESH MISHRA
Department of Physics Department of Physics
Dr Harisingh Gour University Dr Harisingh Gour University
SAGAR (M.P) SAGAR (M.P)
Contents

 Aims and Objectives

 Project Brief
 Requirements
 Literature Review
 Methodology
 Measurement
 Result &Analysis
 Future Work
 Conclusion
 Objectives

Development of flexible high dielectric material.

To study the effective behavior of the

PVDF/BaTiO3 composites.

To study the optical, thermal and electrical

properties of PVDF/BaTiO3 composites.

Requirements and Specifications:

PVDF nano-powder(-CH2-CF2-)
density 1.74gm/cc
BaTiO3 (Barium titante)
Nano-powder (cubic crystalline Phase),<100nm particle size
Molecular weight 233.19g/mol
Density 6.08g/cc
Hydraulic press
Optical Microscope
Differential Scanning Calorimeter
Impedance analyzer (Hioki model no 3532)
Scanning electron microscope
 Literature Review

1. Maheswar Panda Appl. Phys. Let. 111, 082901 (2017)

2. M. Panda, A. K. Thakur, V. Srinivas; Wiley Periodicals, Inc.; Journal of Applied
Polymer Science;117 (2010), 3023–3028.
3. M. Panda, V. Srinivas and A. K. Thakur; Applied physics letters 92, 132905 (2008).
4. M. Panda, V. Srinivas and A. K. Thakur; Applied physics letters 93, 242908 (2008).
5. Zhi-Min Dang, Jin-Kai Yuan, Jun-Wei Zha, Tao Zhou, Sheng-Tao Li, Guo-Hua
Hu;Progress in material science; 57 (2012) 660-723
6. C.W Nan; Prog. Mater. Sci. 37, 1 (1993).
7. R.R. Tummala; Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1999.
8. Kakimoto M, Takahashi A, Tsurumi T, Hao J, Li L, Kikuchi R; Mater SciEng B;132
(2006) 74–8.
9. L.L. Hench, J.K. West; Principles of Electronic Ceramics; John Wiley & Sons.
10.Kingery, Bowen, Ulhmann ; Introduction to ceramics (2nd edition); John Wiley &
Sons.
Preparation of Sample:-
Preparation of Pure BaTiO3 sample

For pure BaTiO3 the sample has been prepared using cold
pressing process. For this purpose BaTiO3 is mixed with small
drop of PVA as a binder and placed in the hydraulic press for 5
min under the pressure of 10 MPa. Finally BaTiO3 sample was
formed in the form of a pellet of diameter 10 mm and thickness
1 mm.

Figure Preparation of Pure BaTiO3 sample

Preparation of Sample:-
Preparation of Pure PVDF sample

For pure PVDF the sample has been prepared using cold
pressing process. For this purpose 0.5g of PVDF is placed in
the hydraulic press for 5 min under the pressure of 10 MPa.
Finally PVDF sample was formed in the form of a pellet of
diameter 10 mm and thickness 1 mm.

Figure Preparation of Pure PVDF sample

Preparation of Sample:-
Preparation of PVDF/BaTiO3 nanocomposite sample

For pure PVDF/BaTiO3 the sample has been prepared using

cold pressing process. For this purpose we use different
volume fraction of PVDF/BaTiO3 and calculate the
corresponding weight fraction for different different sample
and mix the filler and matrix properly using the mortar pestle
and placed in the hydraulic press for 5 min under the pressure
of 10 MPa. Finally PVDF/BaTiO3 sample was formed in the
form of a pellet.

Figure Preparation of PVDF/BaTiO3 sample

 Calculation of Weight Fraction Using Volume
Fraction:
The relation between weight fraction and volume fraction is given by:

Where:
Vf is the volume fraction (volume fraction is the volume of filler in the composite)
Wf is the weight fraction (weight fraction is the mass of filler in the composite).
ρf is density of filler i.e. in this case BaTiO3.
ρm is density of matrix i.e. in this case PVDF.
Electrical Characterization
In case of composites (e.g. PMC) or
dielectric ceramics, at the interface
between two components or at the grain
boundary the charge accumulation occurs
and forms an artificial dipole giving rise to
interfacial polarization. The total
polarization is sum of the above four
polarizations.
In the present investigation the dielectric
measurements as a function of frequency
have been carried out on the PMC samples
in the form of thick films as well as on
pellets using a high precision impedance
analyzer (Hioki model no 3532) in the
frequency range of 100 Hz-10 MHz, with
an applied voltage of 100 mV, using a
Homemade sample holder.
Electrical Characterization:
In case of a dielectric material/PMC, there
are several types of polarizations, each of
which can be explained by its intrinsic
physical mechanism. The different basic
types of polarizations are electronic, ionic,
orientational/dipolar, interfacial/grain
boundary/Maxwells Wagner Sillars (MWS)
and electrode polarization. When an
insulator is placed in an external electric
field, electrons of the atoms are displaced
slightly with respect to the nuclei, which
induce dipole moments causing the
electronic polarization
Result:-
Analysis
The presence of spherulites in the PVDF matrix is the deciding
factor in determining the dielectric properties of PMC, suitable
for their energy storage applications.
The presence of spherulites of cold pressed PVDF may be
supportive in providing large surface areas for the storage of
electrical charge, which may lead to the improvement of έeff of
the PMC in comparison to the hot molded samples.
Conclusion
In conclusion, I found that the enhancement of the dielectric
constant of PMC based on the PVDF matrix is largely tuned by the
process conditions and that play a major role in the development of
polymer dielectrics for their suitability to static and low frequency
dielectric applications.
The spherulites present in the PVDF matrix are always helpful in
maintaining the εr and in increasing the εeff of PMC. Hence, at most
care should be taken in preparing the PMC based on the PVDF
matrix, where these PMCs should be prepared either at room
temperature or at a comparatively low temperature, so that the
spherulites present in PVDF may be retained, which will be of
definite help in achieving higher εeff of PMC. I suggest that cold
pressed PMC would be better candidates over the hot press PMC
for static and low frequency dielectric applications.