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Esquema
• Los determinantes del comercio
• Las ganancias y su distribución
• Restricción del comercio: argumentos
Oferta
interior
EC
Pe
EP
Demanda
interior
0 Qe Q
Copyright © 2004
Copyright South-Western/Thomson
© 2004 South-Western Learning
El equilibrio sin comercio internacional
• Resultados:
• El precio se ajusta para igualar la oferta y la
demanda interiores.
• Pe y Qe son los que rigen en el mercado interior
generando un excedente total igual a la suma del
excedente del consumidor y del productor.
Oferta
interior
Pm Pm
Pi
Demanda
Export. interior
0
Cantidad Cantidad Q
demandada ofrecida
en el interior en el interior
Copyright © 2004
Copyright South-Western/Thomson
© 2004 South-Western Learning
Figura 3 Cómo el libre comercio afecta al bienestar en un
país exportador (pi < pm).
Oferta
interior
A X
Pm Pm
B D
Pi
C
Demanda
interior
0 Q
Copyright © 2004
Copyright South-Western/Thomson
© 2004 South-Western Learning
Figure 3 Cómo el libre comercio afecta al bienestar en un
país exportador (pi < pm).
EC antes del
comercio O
interior
A X
Pm Pm
B D
Pi
C
EP antes del
comercio D
interior
0 Q
Copyright © 2004
Copyright South-Western/Thomson
© 2004 South-Western Learning
Figure 3 Cómo el libre comercio afecta al bienestar en un
país exportador (pi < pm).
EC después del
comercio O
interior
A X
Pm Pm
B D
Pi
C
EP después D
del comercio
interior
0 Q
Copyright © 2004
Copyright South-Western/Thomson
© 2004 South-Western Learning
Libre comercio en un país
exportador
O interior
Pi
Pm Pm
D interior
Import.
0 QO QD Q
Copyright © 2004
Copyright South-Western/Thomson
© 2004 South-Western Learning
Figura 5 Cómo el libre comercio afecta al bienestar en un
país importador (pi > pm)
O interior
A
Pi
B D
Pm Pm
C
M
D interior
0 Q
Copyright © 2004
Copyright South-Western/Thomson
© 2004 South-Western Learning
Figura 5 Cómo el libre comercio afecta al bienestar en un
país importador (pi > pm)
EC antes del
comercio O interior
A
Pi
B
Pm Pm
C
Copyright © 2004
Copyright South-Western/Thomson
© 2004 South-Western Learning
Figura 5 Cómo el libre comercio afecta al bienestar en un
país importador (pi > pm)
EC después del
comercio O interior
A
Pi
B D
Pm Pm
C
M
EP después D interior
del comercio
0 Q
Copyright © 2004
Copyright South-Western/Thomson
© 2004 South-Western Learning
Efectos del comercio en un país
importador
O
interior
Equilibrio sin
comercio
P con Pi = Pm + t
arancel Arancel
P Pm
sin arancel M con
D
arancel interior
0 QS QS QD QD Q
M sin
arancel Copyright © 2004
Copyright South-Western/Thomson
© 2004 South-Western Learning
Figura 6 Efectos de un arancel
Oi
A
PIE
B
P con Pi = Pm + t
arancel C arancel
D E F
P Pm
sin arancel G M
Di
con arancel
0 QS QS QD QD Q
M
sin arncel Copyright © 2004
Copyright South-Western/Thomson
© 2004 South-Western Learning
Los efectos de un arancel
Oi
Equilibrio
sin comercio
Oi
Contingente
+
O de importac.
P con contin-
gente Equilibrio con
contingente
P
Pm
sin
contingente M con
Di
contingente
S S D D
0 Q Q Q Q Q
M
sn contingente Copyright © 2004
Copyright South-Western/Thomson
© 2004 South-Western Learning
Efectos de un contingente sobre el bienestar
Oi
Equilibrio
sin comercio
Oi
Contingente
A
+
O de import.
P con
contingente B
Equilibrio
con comercio
C D E'
P E" F
Pm
sin G
contingente M
Di
con contingente
S S D D
0 Q Q Q Q Q
M
sin contingente Copyright © 2004
Copyright South-Western/Thomson
© 2004 South-Western Learning
Los efectos de un contingente sobre
las importaciones
EC sin
tarifa O interior
EP sin
tarifa Equilibrio
sin comercio
P Pm
sin arancel
D
interior
0 QS QD Q
M sin
arancel Copyright © 2004
Copyright South-Western/Thomson
© 2004 South-Western Learning
Figura 6 Efecto de un arancel
EC con arancel
O interior
A
Equilibrio
sin comercio
B
P
con arancel Arancel
P Pm
sin arancel M
D interior
con arancel
0 QS QS QD QD Q
M
sin arancel Copyright © 2004
Copyright South-Western/Thomson
© 2004 South-Western Learning
Figura 6 Efecto de un arancel
Oi
EP con
arancel Equilibrio
sin comercio
P con
arancel C Arancel
P Pm
sin arancel G M
Di
con arancel
0 QS QS QD QD Q
M
sin arancel Copyright © 2004
Copyright South-Western/Thomson
© 2004 South-Western Learning
Figure 6 Efecto de un arancel
Oi
Ingresos
totales
Price
with tariff Arancel
E
Price Pm
without tariff Imports
Di
with tariff
0 QS QS QD QD Q
Imports
without tariff Copyright © 2004
Copyright South-Western/Thomson
© 2004 South-Western Learning