Gastritis

Epidemiology
• Elderly increases the risk of gastritis
• The prevalence of gastritis in women is higher than in men, this
is related to stress levels.
• the incidence of gastritis is highest in the United States with a
percentage of 47%
Etiology
• Many factors cause acute gastritis, such as smoking, drugs,
alcohol, bacteria, viruses, fungi, acute stress, radiation, allergies
or intoksitasi from food and beverages, bile salts, ischemia and
direct trauma
• Drug factors that cause gastritis such as NSAIDs,
Sulfonamides, Steroids, Cocaine, chemotherapy agents
(Mitomycin, 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine), Salisilat and digitalis are
irritating gastric mucosa
• The most common cause of gastritis is infection by H. pylori
bacteria
Pathophysiology
In patients with strees, NV sympathetic nervous stimulation, which
increases the production of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach will
cause nausea, vomiting and anorexia. Anorexia can also cause pain, the
pain caused by HCl contact with the gastric mucosa. Gastric mucosal
responses due to decreased mucus secretion may be peeling.
Exfoliation of gastric mucosal cells will result in erosion leading to
bleeding
Diagnosis
Clinical Symptoms
- Dyspepsia Syndrome
- Pirosis (Liver pain)
- Bloated
- Nausea and vomiting
- Anorexia
- Stress
- Press Pain in Epigastrium
Diagnosis
- Endoscopy: To see the source of
bleeding and lesions. On
endoscopy will be seen:
Hyperemesis, Hypersecret, Bile
reflux, No ulcers found, Erosion.
- Biopsy: Sampling of the stomach
lining for examination under a
microscope.
Differential Diagnosis
- GERD
- Peptic ulcer
Management
The goal of management is with the acidity of the stomach.
- Conservative Therapy : Diet The food eaten should be mushy, easily
digested, can not be increased secretion and can neutralize stomach
acid. Eat small portions and repeatedly. Do not eat spicy, sour,
vegetables containing gas and alcohol. Stomach should not be empty /
too full Get rid of pregnant melena and hematemesis. Stop / Do not
use NSAIDs. Smoke Alcohol
- Medical Therapy : Medications commonly used to relieve pain /
complaints, cure gastritis, recover relapse and recover complications.
Types of drugs: Antacids, anticholinergics, prokinetics, cytoprotective
medications, H2 antagonist receptors and omeprazole, antibiotics.
Complications and Prognosis
- Complications : Bleeding in erosive gastritis. Stomach colic - great
pain. Dehydration due to severe vomiting and poor intake.
- Prognosis : If the underlying cause of this gastritis is overcome, it will
provide a good prognosis. Patients with diseases heal with H. Pylori
therapy, avoid NSAIDs and take anti secretory drugs in the stomach.
Treatment with H. pylori infection will change scientific history by
reducing the incidence of this disease.