Shipping and Transport

College Rotterdam
Container basics
Container Basics

• Container construction
• Container types
• Container marks and numbers
Objectives

• What is a container
• Describe the components
• Describe materials used
• ISO standards
• Describe test for containers
• Describe the types of containers
Benefits of containerization

• Creates a unit load for rapid cargo handling

• Protects cargo packages
• Reduces risks to cargo
• Encourages door to door transport
• Provides economical cost effective transport
A container has to be

• Strong enough to be repacked many times

• Change transport modes without unpacking and
recapping
• Allows easy handling
• Easily packed and unpacked
Freight container = Dry box
Freight Container

• Weatherproof rectangular box

• Transport and stores cargo
• Confines and protects contents
• Separable from means of transport
• Handled as unit load
 ISO
International Standarisation
Organisation
ISO-standards
Width: 2.438 / 8 feet
• Length
• 3 m / 10 ft
• 6 m / 20 ft
• 9 m / 30 ft
• 12m/ 40 ft
• Height
• 2.438 m / 8 feet
• 2.591 m / 8 feet 6 inches
• < 2.438 m / < 8 feet
Twenty feet Equivalent unit
TEU
•1 Side walls
•2 Roof
•3 Base
•4 End wall = Front
•5 End Doors = Back
Connection corner fittings/corner
castings
• End frames
• 1 Corner posts
• 2 Top end rail
• 3 Bottom end rail
• Sides
• top side rails
• bottom side rails
• Left : view from door end, from the back.
Frame Materials

• High tensile steel

• Corten steel
Floors
• 1 Cross members
• 2 Forklift pockets
• 3 Floor
• 4 Entrance plate
• Steel
• Aluminum
• Wood
• Plywood
• Bamboo
Side and Roof Materials

• Steel
• Aluminum
• Corten steel
• High tension steel
Gooseneck tunnel

• Special for trucks

Container Construction
(Dis) Advantages of Steel
• For
• Welded, watertight
• Stiff, rigid
• Tough
• Easily repaired
• Cheap
• Resistant to solvents
• Against
• Heavy
• Rusts
• Corrodes
• Difficult to insulate
(Dis)Advantages of Aluminum
• For
• Light weight
• Resistant to corrosion by air Flexible
• Easily insulated
• Against
• Expensive
• Needs extra support
• Needs steel frame
• Corroded by acids
• Tears easily
• Needs riveting / bolting Expensive to repair
Maximum Gross Mass (Ratings)

• 10 feet 10,160 kg
• 20 feet 24,000 kg
• 30 feet 25,400 kg
• 41 feet 30,480 kg
Payload = Rating - Tare Mass
Length

• 10 feet ( Offshore )
• 20 feet
• 35 feet ( Sealand )
• 40 feet
• 45 feet
• Growing to 48 feet and even 52 feet
Wide

• 8 feet
• Europe wants two pallets wide
Height

• 8 feet ( almost phased out )

• 8.6 feet
• 9.6 feet ( High Cubes )
Container Types
20 feet Dry Box
40 feet Dry Box
20 feet Open Top
40 feet Open Top
Open Top Removable Top
20 feet Flatrack Fixed Ends
20 feet Flatrack One Open End
40 feet Flatrack Fixed
40 feet Flatrack Folding
40 feet Flatrack Folding
40 feet Flatrack one open end
40 feet
FR
Fixed
40 feet
FR
Open
ends
Stack of old 40 feet FR Folded
45 feet Dry Box
Empty Depot
20 feet
9 high
stacking
Mafi with 40 feet FR open ends
20 feet Reefer Integral
40 feet
Reefer
Integral
Tank Container
Test Container
Bulk
Container
Half Height =
Bin Container
Specials
High
Ventilated
Platform