Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
With the CSFB solution, when a UE initiates a CS service in the E-UTRAN, the MME
instructs the UE to fall back to the legacy CS domain of the GERAN or UTRAN
before the UE performs the service.
VoLTE Background
• Voice solution based on IMS
This solution is used in the mature stage of the LTE network when the IMS is deployed. With this solution, UEs can directly
perform voice services in an LTE network. This solution is also termed as the Voice over LTE (VoLTE) solution.
When LTE coverage has not been complete, UEs may move out of LTE coverage and their voice services may be discontinued.
Huawei uses the following methods to ensure voice service continuity:
VoLTE is the voice service supported by the IP transmission network between UEs in the E-UTRAN and the IMS.
That is, with VoLTE, UEs in the LTE network can perform voice services directly.
Benefits
VoLTE provides UEs in the E-UTRAN with voice services, without the need of falling back to GERAN or UTRAN.
VoLTE features the following characteristics:
IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) includes multiple network elements (NEs). These NEs perform voice session
control and multimedia negotiation between the calling and called UEs.
Basic VoLTE functions
Function Description
During a VoLTE call, the UEs negotiate a speech codec scheme with the IMS. The commonly used
Speech codec scheme and traffic model codec scheme is Adaptive Multirate (AMR).
During the attach procedure, the UE negotiates with the MME and selects VoLTE as the voice
VoLTE voice policy selection policy.
Radio bearers with QoS class identifiers (QCIs) of 1 and 5 are set up between the calling and called
Radio bearer management UEs to carry conversational voice and signaling, respectively.
The eNodeB performs admission and congestion control for conversational voice (QCI 1) and
Admission and congestion control signaling (QCI 5).
By default, the eNodeB performs dynamic scheduling and uses power control policies that are
Dynamic scheduling and power control suitable for dynamic scheduling.
Enhanced VoLTE features/functions
Category Feature/Function Name Description
The eNodeB performs semi-persistent scheduling and uses suitable power control policies for UEs during talk spurts.
Semi-persistent scheduling and power control This feature applies only to voice services.
Capacity enhancement
The eNodeB performs dynamic scheduling and uses suitable power control policies for UEs at voice service setup and
during silent periods.
ROHC compresses the headers of voice packets to reduce air interface overheads.
Robust header compression (ROHC) This feature applies only to voice services.
Multiple TTIs are bound together for UEs with poor signal quality to transmit the same data. This increases the once-off
Transmission time interval (TTI) bundling transmission success rate.
Coverage improvement
This feature applies only to uplink voice services.
ROHC compresses the headers of voice packets to reduce air interface overheads and increase the once-off transmission
Robust header compression (ROHC) success rate.
This feature applies only to voice services.
This feature restricts the transport block size (TBS) in UL dynamic scheduling to control the number of uplink RLC
Uplink RLC segmentation enhancement segments for VoLTE packets. This restriction improves voice quality when channel quality is poor.
During uplink dynamic scheduling, the eNodeB adjusts the scheduling priorities of UEs based on their waiting time and
Voice characteristic awareness scheduling estimates the voice volume to be dynamically scheduled in the uplink. An independent inactivity timer is configured for
Quality Improvement
voice services. The purpose is to improve voice quality, decrease the service drop rate, and increase the proportion of
satisfied voice service users.
This feature applies only to voice services. For details about how UL delay-based dynamic scheduling, UL VoLTE volume
estimation for dynamic scheduling, and independent configuration for voice inactivity timer work for VoLTE.
For each voice user, the eNodeB measures the duration in which the user is not scheduled in the uplink. If the duration
Uplink compensation scheduling reaches a threshold, the eNodeB performs uplink compensation scheduling for the UE. The purpose is to ensure that
uplink voice packets can be timely transmitted, shorten their waiting time, and reduce the number of packets discarded
because of the expiry of PDCP Discard Timer.
This feature applies only to voice services.
The eNodeB sets a target IBLER for uplink voice services.
Voice-specific AMC This feature applies only to voice services.
With DRX, UEs enter the sleep state when data is not transmitted, saving UE power.
Discontinuous reception (DRX)
Power saving
The eNodeB performs intra-frequency, inter-frequency, or inter-RAT handovers to transfer UEs performing voice services
Intra-frequency handover to appropriate neighboring cells to maintain voice continuity.
Mobility management
Inter-frequency handover
Inter-RAT handover
Basic VoLTE Functions
The ENodeBAlgoSwitch.EutranVoipSupportSwitch parameter specifies whether to enable VoLTE.
• When this parameter is set to ON(On) on an eNodeB, this eNodeB supports VoLTE and allows the establishment,
access, incoming handover, and reestablishment of the dedicated bearer with a QCI of 1.
• When this parameter is set to OFF(Off)) on an eNodeB, this eNodeB does not support VoLTE and does not allow the
establishment, access, incoming handover, and reestablishment of the dedicated bearer with a QCI of 1.
AMR
Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) is an audio data compression scheme optimized for speech coding and is now widely used in GERAN and UTRAN.
AMR is classified into adaptive multirate wideband (AMR-WB) and adaptive multirate narrowband (AMR-NB).
AMR-NB has eight speech coding rates. They are 12.2 kbit/s, 10.2 kbit/s, 7.95 kbit/s, 7.4 kbit/s, 6.7 kbit/s, 5.9 kbit/s, 5.15 kbit/s, and 4.75 kbit/s.
AMR-WB has nine speech coding rates. They are 23.85 kbit/s, 23.05 kbit/s, 19.85 kbit/s, 18.25 kbit/s, 15.85 kbit/s, 14.25 kbit/s, 12.65 kbit/s, 8.85 kbit/s, and
6.6 kbit/s.
VoLTE traffic states
•Talk spurts: During talk spurts, the uplink of UEs transmits voice packets or the downlink of UEs receives voice packets.
Voice packets are transmitted at intervals of 20 ms, and the packet size is determined by the speech coding rate.
•Silent period: During silent periods, the UE transmits silence insertion descriptor (SID) frames or receives SID frames at
intervals of 160 ms. For different AMR speech codec rates, the SID frame sizes are all 56 bits.
The differences between talk spurts and silent period are as follows:
• The size of voice frames is greater than the size of SID frames.
• The interval between neighboring voice frames is different from the interval between SID frames.
The eNodeB distinguishes between voice frames and SID frames based on the preceding differences.
VoLTE Voice Policy Selection cont.
UE capability and configurations on the MME determine whether a UE uses VoLTE. However, VoLTE may be
inappropriate for certain sites or regions. This case is termed as VoLTE-prohibited scenario.
During the UE attach and tracking area update (TAU) period, the MME selects a voice policy based on the UE capability and
configuration on the MME side. The MME then sends the UE the voice policy contained in the Attach Accept and TAU Accept
messages. During voice policy selection, the MME selects a voice policy based on the following principles:
• If the UE supports only CSFB, the corresponding voice policy is CS Voice only.
• If the UE supports only VoLTE, the corresponding voice policy is IMS PS Voice only, that is, VoLTE.
• If the UE supports both CSFB and VoLTE, the voice policy used before negotiation with the MME is one of the following
voice policies specified by operators during UE registration:
CS Voice only
That is, CSFB.
IMS PS Voice only
That is, VoLTE.
Prefer CS Voice with IMS PS Voice as secondary
That is, CSFB takes precedence over VoLTE.
Prefer IMS PS Voice with CS Voice as secondary
That is, VoLTE takes precedence over CSFB.
VoLTE Voice Policy Selection
Procedures for voice policy selection (non-combined attach) Procedures for voice policy selection (combined attach)
VoLTE Mobility Capability Decision
The SupportS1UeCapMatchMsg option of
the GlobalProcSwitch.ProtocolSupportSwitch parameter specifies
whether the eNodeB supports the VoLTE mobility decision.