Emerging Teaching and

Instructional Methods

PAULINE M. TORION
Discussant
Ph.D. Curr. Dev. Student
 Emerging Teaching and
Instructional Methods involves:
1.Investigatory Method
2. Self – Pacing Method
3. Team Teaching
4. Special Techniques
 They are not
simply given a Filipino students are They are
chance to passive inherently
participate ina reserved
class individuals

-attributed to theirexternal
premises
-teachers lack of confidence It is something aboutthe
to share ideas students
- teacher monopolizelearning
process
Investigatory Method:
Definition
 Provides a lot of
opportunities for the
student to participatein
classroom activity

Experiments in Focuses greatly

investigation Investigatory on learner’s
uses Scientific Method active
Method involvement

De-emphasizes the
teachers authoritative role
in the classroom
 Laboratory Technique

Problem –Solving
Technique

Techniques of Research Technique

Investigatory
Method Experimenting
Technique
Field – Study
Technique
A. Laboratory Technique
Students actively
manipulates and study a
given upon which agiven
problem lies
 Types of Laboratory
Technique
1.) Laboratory Exercise
2.) Laboratory
Investigation
 1.) Laboratory Exercise
Designed to help
students to acquire
fundamental knowledge
and skills
Example:
Speech Exercises
commonly done in the
Speech Laboratory
and the use of science
equipment
2.) Laboratory
Investigation
Deeper and more serious
undertaking that requires
careful planning
Example:
A college student may
involve himself in a corelational
study whether leadership skills
and academic performance are
directly related
Steps of LaboratoryTechnique
1. ) Pre Laboratory – preparation,
reminders and familiarization
2.) Activity Proper – actual
laboratory work is done bythe
students
3.) Post – Laboratory discussion–
answering of questions, giving of
actual observation, analysis and
comparison of data, discussion of
the application
Teachers’ Role during the Laboratory work
1.He allows students to learn for themselves
by solving the problems they encounter in
their work.
2.After purposes have been defined and
procedures outlined, the place of the teacher
is in the background.
3.He may move from group to group, giving
encouragement, clarifying procedures,
straightening out facts, and stimulating fast–
working students to undertake new
problems.
4.He should try to avoid interruptingthe
work of his class with announcements.
B. Problem – Solving
Technique
Requires a learner to
work actively in the
solution of a difficulty or
an undesirable situation.
Steps in Problem-Solving
Technique
1.Identifying and Defining the
problem
2. Formulating a hypothesis
3. Verification
4. Collection and organization of
data
5. Generalization
6. Application
C. Research Technique
It is a careful and an
organized study designed
to serve a specific
purpose.
Types of Research Activities
1.Interviewing a chosen subject
2. Making a simple survey
3.Constructing the historical
episode of an individual, a
community or aninstitution
4. doing a simple experiment
Steps in doing a Research
1.Preparing for the research
work
2.Collecting and Gathering data
3.Organizing the data obtained
4.Analyzing and interpreting
the data organized
5.Making formal report of
the research done
D. Field Study Technique
Students investigates
a given situation by being
a part or an integral
component of it.
Steps of FieldStudy
Technique
1. Preparation
2. Actual Investigation
3. Making a formal report
4. Class Reporting
 E. Experimenting Technique
It is an operation carried out under
controlled conditions to discover an
unknown effect or law, to test or
establish a hypothesis, or illustrate a
known law
Steps in Experimenting
Technique
1.Designing an experiment
2.Preparing for anexperiment
3.Conducting the experiment
4.Obtaining the results of the
experiment
 Laboratory Technique
Summary Students actively manipulates
and study a given upon which a given
problem lies
Problem – Solving Technique
Requires a learner to work
actively in the solution of a difficulty or
an undesirable situation.

Research Technique
It is a careful and anorganized
study designed to serve a specific
purpose.
Field Study Technique
Students investigates a given
situation by being a part or an integral
component of it.
Experimenting Technique
It is methodical trialand error procedure
carried out with the goal of verifying,
falsifying, or establishing the validity of a
hypothesis
Self-Pacing Method:
Definition
Self-Pacing Method
This method calls for an activity
whereby provision is made for
the individual student to set his
own schedule for learning or rate
achievement, and to monitor his
own progress.
Characteristics:
 Student-oriented
 Teacher is more of consultant
 Will result to widely
differentiated student’s
accomplishments
Programmed Instruction
 A system of teaching and learning
with which pre-established subject
matter is broken down into small,
discrete steps and carefully
organized into logical sequence in
which it can be learned readily by
the students
Characteristics of Programmed
instruction
1.Writing of sequential steps
structure
2.Programmed materials are self-
instructional
3.Highly individualized
4.Requires the so-called
criterion-referenced type of
evaluation
Characteristics of Programmed
instruction
5. The teacher plays 3 distinct
roles – director, analyst, & tutor
6. Not a complete instruction by
itself – discussion occurs
7. Requires a lot of materials
Modular Learning Technique
 A module is set of learning
opportunities systematically organized
around a well-defined topic, which
contains the elements of instruction-
specific objectives, teaching learning
activities and evaluation using
criterion-referenced measures.
Characteristics of Good Module

1. It should be self-contained
2. It should be self-pacing
3. Topic should be short enough and
well-defined
4. It should be adequately motivating
5. It should provide opportunities for
interaction with the learner
Characteristics of Good Module

6. Its objectives and activities should be properly

sequenced
7. It should be written in clear, correct language
suitable to the level of the target learner
8. It should be accurate
9. It should bear no wrong implications to or
conflict with other subject matter or values
10. It should utilize every opportunity to achieve
affective outcomes of learning
Self-learning kits and Correspondence Courses
Self-learning kits -learning packages which are
almost similar to learning modules.
Correspondence
A method of providing for the systematic
exchange between student and instructor for
materials sent by mail for the purpose of
instruction in units of subject matter
Mastery Learning Technique
 Its is similar to programmed
instruction in concretizing the
principle of individual differences. It
involves grouping of students having
the same achievement and
subsequently giving them the same
kind of instruction.
Steps of mastery of learning
1. Pre-instruction
2. Giving of formative test
3. Grouping of students
4. Post-instruction
 Team Teaching
This is an approach or
organizing teaching personnel
to improve Instruction. There
are two or more teachers
involved who work
cooperatively with the same
group of students for some
period of time
or
 Advantages of Team Teaching
1. Specialization is recognized.
2. Careful planning and execution is possible.
3. Effective teaching is possible.
4. Learners are better stimulated and challenged
 Advantages of Team Teaching
5. More time is available for preparation.
6. Individual differences of the learners can be
met.
7. Better education guidance of the pupil/students
is possible
8. Pupils/students are exposed to variety of
points of view.
 Disadvantages of Team Teaching
1. Large group arrangements entail difficulty
in scheduling time and physical facilities.

2. Teaching their own specialization may be

carried too far such that the students lose
sight of the objectives of the lesson.
Disadvantages of Team Teaching
3. The disadvantages pertains to time. Planning
recording and evaluating need time.
Teachers have to put time for projects.
4. Another disadvantages is about space and
facilities. The program needs lecture or
seminar room, overhead projector, sound
system and a bigger space.
 Pointers
1. Keep a profile of teacher expertise in the
different departments. Additional authorities
from the community should also be tapped.

2. Selection of team members must be based on

instructional competence and the possession
of personal qualities such as unselfishness
and willingness to share.
 Pointers
3. Since the major strength of team teaching is
the special expertise of each member, the
pre-planning phase should be an open,
honest and straight-forward exchange of
work regimen. A smooth working relationship
promotes an academic atmosphere for team
teaching.
 Pointers
4. Adopt team teaching on a trial basis
until you have undergone all stages
of the program successfully. It must
be prove effective and satisfactory
to all concerned- the students,
teachers, administration and
parents.
 Pointers
5. The objectives must be clearly understood
by the members. The design of the evaluation
procedure must be mutually agreed upon.

6. During the planning stage the roles to be

assumed by each team member should be
defined, including the specified job
responsibilities.
 Pointers
7. Early planning will provide sufficient time
and resources for team members to prepare
for their own part thoroughly.
8. Small groups may be formed from a large
group activity to discuss further topics of
great interest to them.
Two or more heads are better than one…………
 Special Techniques
 Role Playing
 Case Study methods
 Buzz session
 The workshop
 The Seminar
 Role Playing
 Is the spontaneous acting out of problems
or situations.
 This technique usually portrays a situation
more candidly than can be done by
description
 Steps in Role Playing
 Identifying the problem
 Establishing the situation for role playing
 Establishing roles and selecting
participants
 Presenting the act
 Playing the situation
 Analyzing and evaluating the presentation
 Case Study Method
 This method of instruction presents
specific situations or problems to
stimulate discussion. It uses cases as the
subjects for discussion. The method
implies extensive analysis and
interpretation of a case selected to
demonstrate a learning outcome
 Buzz Session
 The buzz session can be held successfully
with familiar topics that need group
opinion, evaluation, planning, or
interaction. It is also useful when a lecture
is to be followed by a question period.
 The Workshop
 The workshop is generally used as a
technique of in-service education and
group thinking and planning. It involves
the use of the group process in attacking
and solving educational problems.
 The Seminar
 The seminar is held for the purpose of
solving or attempting to solve a problem.
The discussion is on an issue, problem,
situation, or proposition on which an
answer, a solution, or a policy is arrived
at.