GSM For

In-service Course

By
S.Sethu Raman
SDE, RGMTTC,Chennai-27

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Scope
• Over View of GSM Or Introduction To GSM
• GSM System Architecture
• GSM Switch Aspects
• RF Channel Management
• Cell Concept
• GSM Services
• Call processing
• Mobility Management
• Billing
• GPRS/EDGE
• IMT-2000
• End
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Over View Of GSM
Or
Introduction To GSM
By
S.Sethu Raman
SDE, RGMTTC,Chennai-27

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Over View Of GSM Or Introduction To GSM
• What is GSM?
• Why GSM?
• Evolution Of GSM
• Requirements Of GSM
• Features of GSM
• GSM Specifications
• GSM Services
• GSM System portioned Area
• GSM System Architecture
• Terms Used In GSM
• Type Of Channels
• Modes in GSM
• Future Of GSM
• GSM Implementation in BSNL
• Tutorial
• Back

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 What is GSM?
• GSM means
– Group Special For Mobile communications
– Global System For Mobile communications
– It is one of a technology for Mobile communications
– Developed by Europe
– Recommended by ETSI (old name is CEPT)
– Combination of FDMA & TDMA techniques
– Supports 4 bands
– Latest one more band is added by ETSI
– GSM interfaces are defined by ETSI
– Supports different speech encoding algorithms
– Supports multi vender approach
– Offers good voice quality/call privacy/N/W security

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Why GSM?
• To solve the following problems in the Landline
N/W
– EP Management
– Distance coverage
– Wastage of cable pair/cost for laying
– Fault localization
– Scarcity of cable pair for NPC
– Tracking of sub
– Maintenance of cable record
– To meet new demands
– Multiple terminations
– No personal communications
– No uniform number
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Evolution Of GSM
• First generation GSM
– 1980-1990
– Analogue system
– 6 incompatible exchanges
– Dedicated Frequency
– FDMA technique
– No roaming due to incompatible systems
– Only voice. No data support
– Heavy demand in Europe
– AMPS, TACS, NMT, NTT, RTMS are some of
the Systems fall in this category
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Evolution Of GSM
• Second generation GSM
– 1990-2000
– IC’s penetration & Digital Speech Codec
availability
– Digital system
– Supports FDMA & TDMA technique
– Supports roaming
– Supports voice with low speed data
(9.6/4.8/2.4Kbps)
– 3 phases of development activities
• Phase 1 (1991-1994)
• 12 sets of recommendations on different aspect of GSM
system
• Supports only limited supplementary services
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Evolution Of GSM
• Second generation GSM
– Phase 2
• Full-fledged version
• Supports number of supplementary services
• Signalling protocol, MAP, protocol between MS & BTS &
infrastructure modified
– Phase 2+
• Organized as set of independent tasks
• So far more than 80 tasks are identified by SMG
committee
– SIM Tool Kit is one of a task
• Aim is to introduce important changes while maintaining
upward compatibility
• HRSC/FRSC/EFRSC development
• Group call & related services

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Evolution Of GSM
• Second generation GSM
– DAMPS, GSM, IS-54, CDMA and IS-95 are
some of the systems fall in this category
– Dual mode operation tmls evolved
– Different type of speech coders developed
• Second.5 generation GSM
– HSCSC
– High speed data service on packet switch
– 171kbps supports when no voice call
– Called “GPRS”
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Evolution Of GSM
• Third generation GSM
– 2000 onwards
– IMT-2000 or UMTS std defined
– Covering wide range of users sectors
– Accommodating multi type of equipments
– Multimedia services
– High speed data service supported
– 384 Kbps speed
– Called “EDGE”
• 2Mbps
• 384kbps
• 144Kbps
– Hierarchical cell structure

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
EVOLUTION OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION
CELLULAR CORDLESS

JAPAN USA EUROPE GENERATION

AMPS Transmission TACS CT0

Ist
NMT450 CT1
Network Topology
NMT900
NET C

RADIOCOM
CT2

D-AMPS PCS1900
IS-54 DECT
PDC GSM
CDMA PAGING 2nd
IS-95
MSS,
DCS1800
LEOS,MEOS

Back

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
IMT2000 IMT-2000/UMTS
3rd
SATELITE
 Requirements Of GSM
• International roaming
• High spectral efficiency
• Improved voice quality
• High link integrity
• Low cost of terminal
• Support multiple services with unified
terminal
• Coexistence with existing systems
• Frequency reuse
• DISCONTINUOUS TRANSMISSION
• Adaptive power control or DPC
• Larger area coverage

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Features Of GSM
• Compatibility
• Noise robust
• Flexibility/increased capacity
• Use of std interfaces
• Improved security/confidentiality
• Flexible handover
• ISDN compatibility
• Enhanced range of services
• Speech/data/supplementary services
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 GSM Specifications
• Access method-FDMA & TDMA
• Primary band-900 MHZ
– Band width 25 MHZ
– Sub bands-1800/1900/850 MHZ
• Band width-75 MHZ/60MHZ
– Latest one more sub band-400 MHZ
• Band width-7MHZ
• Uplink – MS to BTS-890 to 915 MHZ
• Down link- BTS to MS-935 to 960 MHZ
• Channel bandwidth-200 KHZ
• Available RF carriers-125 (RF1 to RF125)
– Actual usable-124 (RF2 to RF125)

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 GSM Specifications
• Each RF carrier is divided into frames of 8 Time
slots (TS0 to TS7)
– TS0/TS1 is used for signalling & other activities
– Called control channel or signalling channel
– TS1 to TS7/ TS2 to TS8 are used for traffic
– Called as traffic channels
• FDD-Spacing 45MHZ
• TDD-3 Time Slots latter
• Modulation type-GMSK and/or 8PSK
• Voice coder/Rate-RPE-LTP/13Kbps
• For 400, 850, 1800 & 1900 MHZ band the above
information's are different
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 GSM services
• 3 main groups
– Bearer Services
• Voice
• EMS (with/w/o SIM card)
• SMS
– PTP (128 bytes)
– PTMP (75 bytes)
• AMS
• MMS
• VMS
• US
– Tele Services
– Supplementary Services

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 GSM System portioned Area
• Cell Area (BTS area & Sector area)
• Location area (BSC area)
• MSC/HLR Or MSC/VLR Area
• PLMN Area
• Country Area
• GSM Service Area

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Cell Area
S3
• It is the smallest functional area S2
• Covered by a BS S1
• Physical location of a MS
• If it is covered by a omni directional antenna, the
cell contains one pair of RF
• Cater for 8 TCH
• If it is covered by a n* sectorial antenna, the cell
contains n* pair of RF
• Cater for n* 8 TCH
• It can be internationally addressable

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Location area
• It is an admin area within an MSC area
• Covers several cell areas
• It can be internationally addressable
• It cannot be dialled
S3
S2
S1
S3 S3
S2 S2
S1 S1
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 MSC/HLR Or MSC/VLR Area
• It is a mobile sub switching center
• Cater for several BSS
• It is addressable internationally S3
• It cannot be dialled S2
S1
S3 S3 S3
S2 S2 S2
S1 S1 S1
S3 S3
S2 S2
S1 S1
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 PLMN Area
• It contains several MSC areas
• Network operator may organize single
PLMN or multi PLMN to cover several
MSC areas
• It is addressable internationally
• It can be dialled using NDC
PLMN

MSC1 MSC2

MSC3
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Country Area
• Consists of Several PLMN area/Network
operators area
• It is addressable internationally
• It can be dialled using MCC
CA
PLMN1 PLMN1

MSC1 MSC2 MSC1 MSC2

MSC3 MSC3

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 GSM Service Area
• Consists of the Whole world covering all
cell sub/country/operators

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 GSM System Architecture
• 4 subsystems
– MS or MT or CT or CP
– BSS or RSS
– MSS OR NSS
– OMSS/NSSS
• The interaction between above 4
subsystems are grouped into 2 parts
– Operational
– Control

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 GSM System Architecture

BSS/ MSS OMSS/

MS RSS / NSSS/
NSS VASS
Um A
Interface Interface Std
Or Interfaces
Air
Interface

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 MS

ME SIM or CC or SC

H/W S/W

Phone Chip Screen KB Bty

Back
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 BSS/RSS “A” I/F
MSS/NSS
TRAU/TCU

OMC-R
BTS BSC
TRAU/TCU
SMSC
/
BTS MMSC

Agprs VMSC
BTS
Interface

Abis Via
Interface Gateway
BTS MSC

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
GPRS/EDGE Nodes
Back
 MSS/NSS
‘H’ Interface

HLR
AUC
‘D’ Interface ‘C’ Interface

EIR MSC
TRAU/TCU
‘G’ Interface ‘B’ Interface
Other
MSC’s VLR
VLR

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM Back

 OMSS/NSSS/VASS
1 ‘B’ Interface
3 7
2 ‘C’ Interface
HLR AUC

3 ‘D’ Interface 2
5 4 Other
4 ‘E’ Interface EIR MSC
MSC
5 ‘F’ Interface TRAU
6 ‘G’ Interface 1 OMC-S
7 ‘H’ Interface Other 6 BlgSer
MSC’s VLR
VLR PSTN/
ISDN/
IN ISP

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Terms Used In GSM
• Antenna & Type • Interfaces
• Cell Area & Type • Uplink
• Cluster Area • Downlink
• Location Area
• Band
• MSC/HLR Area
• Bandwidth
• PLMN Area
• Country Area • Channel Bandwidth
• GSM Service Area • RF Carriers
• Burst • Time Slot
• Burst Period (BP) • Frame
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM • Frame Types
 Terms Used In GSM
• IMSI • LAI or LACOD
• TMSI • LMSI
• IMEI • HON
• MSISDN
• MSRN
• PUK1
• PUK2
• PIN1
• PIN2
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Type Of Channels
• 2 types
– Physical
– Logical
• 2 types
– Traffic
– Control or Signal
– 3 Major types
» BCH
» 4 Minor Types called FCCH, SCH, BCCH and CBCH
» CCCH
» 3 Minor Types called PCH, RACH, AGCH
» DCCH
» 3 Minor Types called, SACCH, FACCH, SDCCH
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM Back
 Modes in GSM
• 2 types
– Idle mode
– Dedicated mode

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Future Of GSM
• Any where-Any Time Service with QoS
• Single band
• Unified network
• Unified terminal
• Services equivalent to wire line
• Wireless-wire line integration
• Rapid introduction of new technology
• High speed backbone network
• Virtual home/office/on-road environment
• IN adaptation
• Enhanced data rate
• Channel Borrowing or ECM(DCA/HCA/CBWL) Back
• Smart Antenna (Switched Beam/Adaptive Beam)
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 GSM Implementation in BSNL
• GSM Implementation in BSNL is
phased manner
• 3 Phases
– Phase-1
• BTS & BSC by Lucent equipments of USA
• MSC by CDOT of India/EWSD Of Siemens
– Phase-2
• BTS & BSC by Motorola equipments of USA
• MSC by ESWD switch by Siemens of West
Germany
– Phase-3
• All equipments by Nortel Networks of USA
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM Back
 Tutorial-1
• GSM Means
– Global System For Mobile

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Tutorial-2
• First generation GSM is Digital systems. Is
it true or False?
– False. Analogue only

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Tutorial-3
• Frequency reuse is a one of a feature of
GSM Systems. Is it true?
– Yes. It is true

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Tutorial-4
• GSM 900 MHZ band system consists of
250 RF carriers. Is it true?
– False. 125 RF Carriers only
– 25MHz=25*1000KHZ=25*1000
KHz/200KHZ=125 RF Carriers

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Tutorial-5
• Interfaces used within MSS/NSS in GSM
System is a proprietary standard. Is it
True?
– False. Std SS7 Interfaces

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Tutorial-6
• One BTS is controlled by more than one
BSC. Is it true?
– False. One BTS is controlled by one BSC
only.

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Tutorial-7
• Signal Channel carries voice information in
GSM. Is it True?
– False. Signal Channel will carry messages
only.

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Tutorial-8
• GSM can be operated on 5 Bands. The
Bands are:
– GSM-850 Mhz
– GSM-900 Mhz
– GSM-1800 Mhz
– GSM-1900 Mhz
– GSM-400 mhz (Recently introduced)

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Tutorial-9
• Access Technology used in GSM is FDMA
only. Is it true?
– False. FDMA & TDMA Both

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Tutorial-10
• IMEI, IMSI, MSISDN and GMSK means
– IMEI-International Mobile Equipment Identity
– IMSI-International Mobile Subscriber Identity
– MSISDN- International Sub Directory Number
For Mobile Subscriber
– GMSK-Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 GSM System Architecture

By
S.Sethu Raman
SDE, RGMTTC,Chennai-27

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Scope
• GSM System Architecture
• Signalling & Traffic Channel
connections in GSM
• Tutorial
• Back

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 GSM System Architecture
• 4 subsystems
– MS or MT or CT or CP
– BSS or RSS
– MSS
– OMSS/NSSS/VASS
• The interaction between above 4
subsystems are grouped into 2 parts
– Operational
– Control

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 GSM System Architecture

BSS/ OMSS/
MS MSS
RSS NSSS/
VASS
Um A
Interface Interface Std
Or Interfaces
Air
Interface

OMC-R OMC-D
OR GPRS
OMC-B

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 MS Class-1-20W
VMT/PT
Class-2-8W
Class-3-5W
Class-4-2W HHT
ME Class-5-.5/.8W

SIM or CC or SC IMSI LAI Ki

H/W S/W For CM
IMEI TMSI
MSISDN MSRN
Microphone
Speaker
LCD Display
Battery + Meter To Support MS Functions
LED Lights & KP Human &
DSP
CODEC
Radio Interface
RF Unit
External Connectors
On-Board Memory
Back
Antenna
5/9/2018 System
3:39:14 PM
Micro Controller
 Ki
LAI or LACOD BSC-BTS-Sector id ( 201-214-1/2/3 )

15 Digits Stored in MS-SIM

MCC-3 Digits (404) As swell as in
IMSI MNC-2 Digits (64, 80) HLR/AUC
MSIN-10 Digits 404-64-2200024861

15 Digits
TAC-6 ( 2+4 )Digits
IMEI FAC-2 Digits 490154100837810
SNR-6 Digits
Spare-1 Digit
15 Digits
CC-2 Digits 91-94-44-000276
MSISDN NDC-2 to 4 Digits
SC-11 or10 or 9 Digits

MSRN Issued By MSC-VLR

Per call basis- 15 digits Back
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM Issued By MSC-VLR
TMSI
Till sub leaves- 8 char in Hexa
 MS Functions
• Physical entity
• To transmit classmark
• To transmit/receive voice/Data over air interface to/from
BTS
• Performs voice Digitising/Encoding/Line coding
/interleaving/burst formating/error
protecting(DSP)/cypering/modulating
• Frequency/Time Syncronization
• Monitors power level/signal quality
• Location updation & display during roaming
• Equalizer for multipath distortion
• Act as an userinterface
• Display bty condition
• Supports dual SIM Back
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Um Interface Or Air Interface
• Between MS & BTS
• To support
– Universal use of any GSM compatible MS
– Maximum spectrum efficiency
– Radio resource mgnt (MS-BSC)
– Mobility mgnt (MS-MSC)
Layer 3
– Call or conn mgnt (MS-MSC)
• For Voice/supplementary service
– Signal transactions
• LAPDm protocol Layer 2
– Radio subsystem interface
– 3 layer protocol Layer 1
– 13Kbps->22Kbps->33.9Kbps per Ts Rate
– 33.9*8=271Kbps Data Rate over Air I/F From MS-
BTS
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 BSS/RSS
• Physical entity
• Provides radio coverage to a geographical area
called cell
• Contains 3 physical entity
– BTS
• Contains Transreceiver eqpt to communicate with MS and
control equipment to communicate with BSC
• Um interface with BTS
• Control multiple MS
• Support more than 1RF.Typically 3 to 5 RF.Maximum 15RF
• Radio eqpt interface with antenna
• Interface with BSC through Abis interface
• May Contain TRAU/XCDR/TCU
• Controlled by a single BSC
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 BSS/RSS
– BTS
• Transmits frequency & time syn signal to MS
• Reconvert 33.9Kbps->22.8Kbps->13Kbps and then to std
16Kbps rate
• Multiplex 4 chls to std 64Kbps rate to send BSC on ABis
Interface
• One timeslot is required for 4 chls data trans/receive
• 2 timeslots are required per RF
• One more Timeslot as control chl between BTS & BSC called
as RSL named as LAPDm link
• Allocation/Deallocation of timeslot for traffic
• Detection of power level/timing advance
• Random access detection of MS
• Defense protection
• Links & site optimization

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 BSS/RSS
– BSC
• Controls more than one BTS
• Interface with BTS (Abis)
• 3 layer protocol
– Physical/LAPD/BTSM
– RR Mgnt
– MM
– CC Mgnt
– May contain TRAU/XCDR/TCU/PCU
• Std interface with MSC (A interface),Ater with TRAU & Agprs
with PCU
• Controls Power transmission for BTS & MS
• Data & Voice are separated
• Can be controlled/monitored by OMC-R
• Controlled by One MSC
• Maximum 1000P termination

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 BSS/RSS
R OMC-R
BTS BTS BSC
TRAU SMSC/
C-L
BTS MMSC
BTS Via
DC/STAR Gateway MSC

/LOOP
A
Connection BTS VMSC
Interface

Abis
Agprs MSS
BTS Interface
Interface

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
GPRS/EDGE Nodes
 A Interface
• Exists between BSC & MSC
• Std signalling interface
• Called CCS7 or ITU-T SS7
• 2 parts
– MTP
– UP or AP
• MAP called BSSAP
– 2 parts
– BSSMAP (BSC-MSC resource/mtce/handover function)
– DTAP-CM/MM (MS-MSC)
– With the help of COSCCP/CLSCCP

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 MSS
• Supports
– Main switching function
• Called MSC
– Data base requirement
• Called HLR
– Mobility management
• Called VLR
– Manage Communication between
• Inter GSM users
• Intra GSM users
• Other network users
– PSTN/ISDN
– SMSC
– MMSC
– VMSC
– IN
– ISP

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 MSS

HLR

‘C’ Interface

OMSS/ MSC
NSSS/ TRAU
VASS
‘B’ Interface

VLR

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 MSC
• Controls
– More than one BSC
– Interact with more than one MSC
• One will be called as GWMSC
– Mobility of subs & manages necessary resources
– Update location registration process
– Hand over
– Inter working with other type of N/W’s
– Call routing
– Switching
– Echo control
– Inter working with HLR/VLR & OMSS/NSSS/VASS elements
through std interfaces
– May contain TRAU
– Interfaces with Other MSC/GWMSC through std “E” interface

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 HLR
• Closely associated with MSC
• Only one HLR in a PLMN area
• 2 types of information are stored
– Registered Subs information or static Data
• IMSI & MSISDN
• VLR address
• Subs data
• Services subscribed
• Authentication & encryption parameter
– Visiting subs or Dynamic Data
• TMSI
• MSRN
– Interfaces with MSC through std “C” interface

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 VLR
• Collocated with MSC
• Starts dynamic registration for a Visiting
MS if MS is valid
• Allocate TMSI & MSRN
• Informs the registration process to local
MSC & associated MSC/VLR
• Informs to original HLR
• Interface with MSC through “B” interface

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 OMSS/NSSS/VASS
• Responsible for
– Handling system security based validation of
MS
– Associated units are
• EIR
– Database entity.
– Stores IMEI for all registered MS
– Provides 3 COS for registered MS
» White/Gray/Black lists
– Interface with MSC through “F” interface
– Receives IMEI from MS through MSC/VLR

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 EIR

White Gray Black

MS MS MS EIR

IMEI

IMEI
MS MSC/VLR

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 OMSS/NSSS/VASS
• AUC
– Stores information to protect against intrusion
– Called Ki & Kc
– Random number (RAND) will be sent to MS
– Consists of 128 bits
– MS should return SRES
– Consists of 32 bits
– Sending Ciphering key to other MSC
– Consists 0f 64 bits
– RAND/SRES/Ciphering key will change per call basis
– Associated with MSC
– “H” interface with MSC

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 OMSS/NSSS/VASS
• OMC
– Provides alarm handling functions
– Technical and admin actions by mtce persons
– Fault mgnt functions
– Auto detach and restoration
– Test and diagnose of devices
– Perform mgnt
– Remote interrogation
– Can monitor more than one MSC
– X-25/V-24 protocol on E1 link
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Inter Networking Functions
• Provides inter working for
– PSTN/ISDN
– SMSC
– VMSC
– MMSC
– IN
– Other MSC via GWMSC
– Arrangement of EC cct for PSTN/ISDN
connection with MS
– ISP
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 IN
• Responsible for
– Services to be provided for Prepaid subs
– Validation of
• Account
• Duration
• Plan
• Collection of blg from other center

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 SMSC
• To handle SMS from MS
• Works on packet switch principle
• 4 centers in BSNL network
• Mesh connection among them
• Connected with GWMSC via a dedicated
E1link
• Works on X-25 protocol
• Maximum SMS length 160 characters
• Acknowledgement to sender
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 VMSC
• Server based
• 4 locations in BSNL network
• No Mesh connection among them
• One mail box provided per Sub

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Billing center
• MSC stores CDR for each MS periodically
• Backup provision on Disk at MSC
• Billing center periodically pulls the CDR
• Processing for itemized billing
• MSC also initiates transfer (Pushing) of
CDR to billing center
• FTAM/X-25 protocol used

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 OMSS/NSSS/VASS

1 ‘B’ Interface
3 7
2 ‘C’ Interface
HLR AUC

3 ‘D’ Interface 2
5 4 Other
4 ‘E’ Interface EIR MSC
MSC
5 ‘F’ Interface TRAU
6 ‘G’ Interface 1 OMC-S
7 ‘H’ Interface Other 6 BlgSer
MSC’s VLR
VLR PSTN/
ISDN/
IN ISP

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Std Interfaces
1 ‘B’ Interface (MSC-VLR)

2 ‘C’ Interface (MSC-HLR)

3 ‘D’ Interface (VLR-HLR)

4 ‘E’ Interface (MSC-MSC)

5 ‘F’ Interface (MSC-EIR)

6 ‘G’ Interface (VLR-VLR)

7 ‘H’ Interface (HLR-AUC)

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 OMC-R
• 2 Parts
BSS

OMP

LAN Interface

OMT OMT OMT

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 OMC-R
• 2 Parts
– OMP
• Connected via on x-25 link to BSS
• Responsible for routing/receiving of informations to
/from OMT
• Receive/routing informations from/to BSS
• Can act as OMT also
– OMT
• Connected via an LAN interface with OMP
• Have Graphic User Interface
• Have More than one window
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 OMC-S
• 2 Parts
NSS

EM/SC

LAN Interface

CT CT CT
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 OMC-S
• 2 Parts
– EM/SC
• Central mgnt of NSS elements
• Have communication with NSS elements on
TCP/IP protocol
• Highly scalable system
• Can be configured from small unit to big TMN-OS
• Connected with LAN for CT
– CT
• Normal PC’s
• MMI between OPR & EM/SC
• Provide GUI
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 IN
• Contains control layer
• Service logic
• Database for services
• At central place
• IN protocol or CAMEL Protocol used
• Contains
– SSP
– SCP
– SMP
– IP
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 IN

SMP
INAP/SS7/CAMEL
SCP/CSE Protocol is used

SSP-M IP

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Signalling & Traffic Channel
connections in GSM
• Signalling channel connections
• Traffic channel connections

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Signalling Channel
connections in GSM
• Signalling channel connections
– Divided into 2 groups
• Circuit related
– BSC-MSC-via BSSAP
– MSC-MSC-via ISUP or TUP
– MSC-PSTN-via ISUP or TUP
• Non circuit related
– MSC-VLR, HLR-AUC, MSC-EIR & MSC-MSC-via MAP
• TCP/IP connections
– Between all N/W entities & SC of OMC-S

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Traffic Channel connections
in GSM
• Traffic channel connections
– Wired traffic
• BTS-BSC
• BSC-MSC/SMSC/VMSC
• MSC-MSC/PSTN/IN
– Air traffic
• MS-BTS

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Tutorial-1
• MS uses 2 radio channels for a
communication. Is it true?
– Yes. One for uplink and another for downlink

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Tutorial-2
• MS to BTS interface is
– Um interface

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Tutorial-3
• One BTS can transmit more than one
RF.Is it true?
– True

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Tutorial-4
• Subs static data are stored in VLR. Is it
true?
– False. Stored in HLR

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Tutorial-5
• What are the 3 list available with EIR for
MS?
– White, Gray and Black lists

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Tutorial-6
• Random code generation is done by which
unit in GSM for authentication purpose?
– AUC

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Tutorial-7
• Visiting MS’s data’s are available with
which unit?
– VLR

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Tutorial-8
• MSC to MSC interface is
– E interface

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Tutorial-9
• 4*16 Kbps to 64Kbps conversion is done
by which unit and where it is located?
– TRAU
– It can be located in BSC/MSC

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Tutorial-10
• MSC to SMSC is working in cct switching
mode.Is it true?
– False. Packet Switching mode

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 GSM Switch Aspects

By
S.Sethu Raman
SDE, RGMTTC,Chennai-27

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 GSM Switch
• BTS Installation
• BSC Installation
• OMC-R installation
• MSC Installation
• MSC commissioning & OMC-S
Commissioning
• OMC-R Commissioning/BSC
Commissioning/BTS Commissioning
• Connectivity with GMSC & Configuration
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 GSM Switch
• Connectivity with Level-1 Tax &
Configuration
• EWSD GSM Switch Architecture
• Nortel GSM Switch Architecture
• Back

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 BTS Installation
• Tower
• Antenna
• Air-condition
• Commercial AC Power Supply
• Battery & Power plant
• Engine Alternator
• BTS equipment
• BTS-BSC interconnection
• Earthing
• Alarm wiring
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 •BTS-BSC Interconnection

BTS
PCM
(R-BTS)
(C-BTS) BSC
Abis

2-TS/RF+1-TS/BTS

DC/STAR/LOOP
Connection

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 BTS equipment
• For Motorola system
• For Nortel System

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 BTS equipment-For Motorola
system
• 2 versions
– H1 Version
• 6 RF channels-2 channels per sector
– H2 Version
• 12 RF channels-4 channels per sector
– Expandable to
• 6 RF to 12 RF
• 12 RF to 18 RF

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 BTS equipment-For Motorola
system-H1 Type
E
RF Terminations N
V
I
3 6 R
Controller Alarm O
P Card RF Card N
S M
U Trans E
Receiver N
T
Alarms
Fan Units
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 BTS equipment-For Nortel
system
BTS Type
• 5 versions 3S444
– S8000-G/O/I-(30W)
Or
– S12000-O/I-(30W/45W/60W)
2O2_2
– S2000-H/L-O/I-( 20W/2.5W)
Or
– S4000-O/I-( 20W to 25W/20W to 35W)
2O2
– e–Cell-( 1W )
– 2 Type Of Cabinets/3 Subsystems
• Base Cabinet
– 3 sub subsystems (CS,TRX/DRX/eDRX & BCF)
• Extension Cabinet
– 2 sub systems (CS & TRX/DRx/eDRX)
– BTS interconnection

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Nortel-BTS

Um
Coupling or Combiner
System/1 per Cell

TRX/DRX/eDRX
(Trans Receiver Equipment)
(One per RF) MS

Abis BCF
BSC (Base Common Functions/Site)

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM Base Cabinet Back

 Nortel-BTS

Coupling or Combiner
System/1 per Cell

TRX/DRX/eDRX
(Trans Receiver Equipment)
(One per RF) MS

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM Extension Cabinet Back

 BCF
(Base Common Functions)
• Abis interface management
• GSM time distribution
• Backup by redundancy of control units
• Signalling concentration/Deconcentration
• O&M
• External alarms or Environmental alarms
management & internal cabinets alarms

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 BCF
(Base Common Functions)
• 2 modules
– CBCF-one per site (3G)
– Takes care of 1 to 5 functions of previous
slide
• Composed of a CBP & 6 PCB’s
– One BCFICO board-E1 termination & Alarm Termination
– Three CPCMI boards-2 E1/Board
– Two CMCF boards (Duplicated)
– RECAL-one per cabinet (upgrade of ALCO)
– Takes care of 5th function of previous slide

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 RECAL B EA
C
PCM Interface card F PCM
From
I BSC
PCM Interface card C
CBP O
PCM Interface card

CMCF-1 TRX
/
DRX CS
CMCF-2
/
eDRX
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 To MS

TX TX
PA From MS
Logic DRI
CPCMI CMCF RF
(Switch COMBI
CPCMI
& RX-D SP-D NER
CPCMI Control) FP
RX-M SP-M

RECAL

External Alarms
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 TRX
(Trans Receiver Equipment)
• Consists of
– FP-Digital Part-Common for all Frequency Bands
– TX
Radio Part –per Frequency Band
– RX
– PA/ePA/HePA
– PSU
• 1st generation 5 FP,One RX and one TX & PA
• 2nd generation one RX+TX+FP and One PA
• 3rd generation one TRX or DRX consists of all
• BSNL having 2nd generation type BTS with Edge
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 TRX
(Trans Receiver Equipment)

TX PA
BCF FP CS
RX
DP RP PSU

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 FP Odd CS
TS

RF
Modulation LPF Trans
(GMSK &
TX PA
/ IF
Logic
8-PSK) Trans RF
(D/A) Positions Trans

Even
TS

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 RF Main Path C
FP Trans Odd S
Positions TS
A/D Pre
Conversion A
RF Even
Trans TS
TX Positions PA
Logic
Diversity
RF Path
Trans Odd
Positions TS
Back A/D Pre
Conversion A
RF Even
Trans TS
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Positions
 Coupling or Combiner
System
• 2 types of coupling or combiner
– Hybrid
• Combines 2 RF by 2 different transmitters into one
signal with a separation of 200KHz
– Cavity-supports 8TRX in trans way only
• Duplexer (Tx & Rx Band pass filter)-
H2D/H4D
• Pre Amp or LNA
• Splitter (Duplicated for diversity purpose)
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Tx Pre Amp
Coupler/ /LNA
Combiner Duplexer
(Hybrid/ Rx
Cavity) Tx Band Rx Band Splitter
Filter Filter

Rx1 Rx2 Rx3 Rx4

PA1 PA2 PA3 PA4

Tx1 Tx2 Tx3 Tx4

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 S8000/S12000/S18000 Model BTS Rack

E
N
Communication Interface Connection V
i
PSU R
O
Tx/Rx (DRX) Combiner PCM Cards- N
3/2E1 M
RAC-1 Card E
N
Filler T

A
Power Amplifier L
A
R
RF Splitter M
S

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Internal Cooling Unit
Back
 BTS-Alarm wiring
• 9 alarms
– Fire & smoke
– Intruder
– EB mains failure
– EB mains restore
– EA fails
– EA on
– PP alarm
– Low Fuel
– Room Temperature bad or Air Conditioner Fail

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 BSC Installation
• Air-condition
• Commercial AC Power Supply
• Battery & Power plant
• Engine Alternator
• BSC equipment
• Packet Handler Equipment
• BSC-MSC interconnection
• BSC-SMSC interconnection
• BSC-VMSC interconnection
• BSC-GPRS/EDGE interconnection
• Earthing
• Alarm wiring
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 BSC Functions
• Basic Functions
– Radio call processing
– Radio Resource mgnt
– SMS-Cell Broadcast mgnt
• O&M Functions
– OSS interface mgnt
• OMC-R mgnt
• Storage of BSS config data
– BTS & TCU/PCU mgnt
– BSC Backup
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 BSC equipment
• For Motorola system
• For Nortel System

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 BSC equipment-For Motorola
BSC
system
8 Cables /6 PCM per Cable= 48 PCM’s PCU BSC
Termination Point Or is
PHU Time
DC Power Distributor For Switch
GPRS
MSC Interface cable
/
EDGE
GPROC-4 PCB’s MSI-12/2E1 KPSW BTC GCLK /
SMSC
3 PSU and 3 FAN
/
GPROC-4 PCB’s MSI-12/2E1 KPSW BTC GCLK
VMSC

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
• Radio call processing
• Radio resource mgnt
• SMS & CB Mgnt
• Traffic concentration
• OMC-R interface mgnt
• BTS & TCU mgnt
• BSC Backup

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
BSC equipment-For Nortel system
• 2 versions
– BSC2G-12000 version
• Supports only TCU2G version
• 3 cabinets
– Control cabinets & Equipment cabinets
– TCU2G cabinets (Maximum 12 units-TCU0 –TCU11)
– BSCe3-12000 version
• Supports 2 Nodes & One SAI
• Supports TCU2G & TCUe3 versions from V14 and Above
• 3 units
– Control unit & Equipment Unit
– TCUe3 units/ TCU2G units (Maximum 12 units-TCU0 –TCU11)

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 BSCe3 equipment-For Nortel
system Rack-1 to 6

SAI BSC-e3 SAI TCU-e3

R PSU R PSU
O O
H FU or CU H FU or CU
U U
U U
T T
B
E Control Node B
E Transcoding Node
R -0/1 R For MSC Interface
D 8 For MSC Interface D 8 (1 unit)
D M D M
F O F O
FU Or CU FU or CU
D D
- -
7 Interface Node 7 Transcoding Node
X -0/1 X For MSC Interface
3 For BTS Interface 3 (1 Unit)
E1 E1

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 BSC2G equipment-For Nortel
system Rack-1 to 6

SAI BSC2G SAI TCU2G

R PSU PSU R PSU
O O
H FAN PCM I/F H FAN
U U
U U
T T
B PCM I/F B Transcoding Node
E E
R MPU-A R For MSC Interface
D 8
RCB RCB D 8 (1 unit)
D M A B D M
F O F O
FAN FAN FAN
D D
- SW SW -
7 7 Transcoding Node
A B
X MPU-B X For MSC Interface
3 3 (1 Unit)
BSC
E1 E1
CC
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
EC
Back
 MPU-A/B
• CPU-OMU
• CPU-MPU
• CPU-BIFEP-1/2
• MMU
• X-25 Controller
• SS7 Controller
• LAPD Controller
• Supervision Board
• Serial link switch unit (SLSU) for OMN
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Equipment Cabinet Boards
• PCM Interface • BSC
– DDTI
• RCB
– TSCB
– RCB
– ALA • All Units
• SW Interconnection
– SWC
– MSW
– SWE
– ECI
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 MMU SLSU BSC2G
Model

CPU CPU CPU

Control
OMU MPU BIFEP
SUP Unit

X-25
SS7 LAPD
Link

Switch
ECI SW SWC RCB
unit

Interface
ALA TSC BSC DDTI
unit
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Control Node - 0 / 1 For MSC Interface

• Following cards available MMS OMU TMU

– OMU(2)
– MMS (4)
• Private ATM

• Shared
– ATM SW with OC-3 capacity SIM
(2)
– TMU(14)
Interface Node
– SIM(2)

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Interface Node - 0 / 1 For BTS Interface

• Following cards available

– LSA-RC-6 sets (0 to 5, 0 is mandatory)
– ATM RM (2) 8K RM CEM LSA-RC
– 8K RM (2)
– CEM (2) ATM SIM

– SIM (2)
• Internal communication s are ATM mode CN

with speed of 155Mbps

• External communication also at 155Mbps
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Transco ding Node For MSC Interface (2 Units)

• Following cards available

– LSA-RC (4 modules, 0-3)
– TRM (12 modules)
– CEM (2 modules)
– SIM (2 modules)

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 BSC-Alarm wiring
Infrastructure alarms extended
maximum 16 alarms provision

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Packet Handler Equipment
• For Motorola system
• For Nortel System

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 PCU equipment-For Motorola
system
BSC PCU

Agprs

Router
Towards
GPRS/
EDGE/
SMSC/
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
VMSC
Back
 PCU equipment-For Nortel
system
BSC PCUSN

Agprs OMC-D

Router
Towards
GPRS/
EDGE/
SMSC/
VMSC
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 OMC-R installation
• Extension of All BTS & All BSC alarm
points
• E1 connection with BSC
• Switch & Router
• PC
• S/W loading for PC

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 OMC-R installation
• For Nortel Network
• For EWSD Network

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 OMC- R Connection For Nortel Network

OMN/X-25
BSC-2G OMC-R

OMN/TCP/IP
BSC-e3 PSTN

RACE

ROT
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 ARU X
Tmls
Server
DU For
OMC-R
WS
HE
OC
Storage
Disk
Server
For
DU Printer
OMC-R

ARU

ROUTER

Modems
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 MSC Installation
• Switch
– EWSD
– Nortel

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 MSC Installation-EWSD
• EWSD Switch
– H/W
• Access unit or Access system
– Trunks
» From/to BSC
» From/to GMSC
» From/to PSTN/ISDN
» From/to IN
» From/to BLG Server
» From/to NIB
» From/To To any VAS

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 MSC Installation-EWSD
– H/W
• SN With Controller
– TST or TSST or TSST
• Control Unit
– CCNC/SSNC
– EM
– CP including Mobile Functional Units & IOP
– MB
– SYSP
– CCG
– OMC
» OMC-S
» OMT
» Printer
» Value Added Servers

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 MSC Installation-EWSD
– H/W
• Battery & Power Plant
• Air conditioner
• Engine Alternator

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 MSC Installation-Nortel
• H/W
• HLR
– CDT2
– CSDM
– CLSM-0/1
– SNXA or XACORE
– CPDC
– HLR-USP
– HLR-PASSPORT

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 MSC Installation-Nortel
• H/W • H/W
• MSC/VLR • MSC/VLR
– DPCX – CDT2
– CPDC
– SPMO-0 TO 33
– LIM
– SPME-0 TO 16
– CCTS
– MSC-UPS
– ENC-0/1
– USP-CCS7 – MSC-PASSPORT
– CSDM
– CISM
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 MSC Installation-Nortel
• H/W • H/W
– GPRS/EDGE • WNMS
• PCUSN OR PCU
– MAIN SERVER
• SGSN
• GGSN – PERFORMANCE
• PASSPORT SERVER
– Signalling unit for
GPRS
• DNS/RADIUS
– IWF SERVER
– IVRS – 3 Server
– OMC-S (PRO OPTMA) – 1-SCSI Disk
• Firewall Routers
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
• OAM-Routers
 MSC Installation-Nortel
• H/W
– MMSC
– LBA Racks
• Tejas-Mux

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 MSC Installation-Nortel
– H/W
• Battery & Power Plant
– SMPS Power Plant
– VRLA Battery
• Air conditioner
• Engine Alternator

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 MSC commissioning
• Energizing of system
• OMC-S commissioning
– Loading of OS & AS
• Configuring of MSC units
• Assigning of SPC
– INTERNAL access
– External access
• Operational activities
– For MSC
– For BSC/BTS

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 MSC commissioning
• S/W Patch loading
• Traffic mgnt
• CCS7 Link mgnt
• Opening dial up access for Siemens
Technical Assistance Center (TAC-1)
• Links mgnt
– Internal
– External

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Operation activities For MSC
• Data base creation for prepaid sub
• AUC creation for prepaid & postpaid sub
• Routing for roaming sub
• MSRN allotment
• Sub mgnt
• File creation for CDR
• Backup scheduling

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Operation activities For BTS/BSC
• CI creation
• LA Creation
• Emergency number creation

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 OMC-R/BTS/BSC Commissioning
• Loading of SW
– OS
– AS
• RF allocation for each BTS
– BCCH/Non BCCH
• Power allocation for each BTS
• Energising of BTS/BSC
• Downloading of S/W for BTS/BSC
• Checking/Monitoring of BTS/BSC alarms
• Blocking/unblocking of BTS/BSC
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 EWSD GSM Switch Architecture

Access Units

Switching
Network

Control Units

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Annc ccts CCS-7 ccts CNF ccts
LTG

Internal Access

LTG
SN
External Access
7 or 8 Sets
Trunks From Outside

DIU GSIU & GP 7 or 8 PCBs

7 or 8 DIU * 4 Ports * 4 PCM Per Port=112 or 128 PCMs = 32 PCM HW of 128 TS Each

0th TS For inter Signalling & 127 TS For voice Switching

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 SN
From/To LTG
Switching
From/To SSNC/MB Network

TSM SSM SGC

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 CONTROL UNIT CP-113C/113CR

From/To LTG

From/To SN
CONTROL UNIT

TA
MB SSNC CCG CP
PR
SVAS IOP/1-15 IOC BAP CAP AMP CMY BCMY
OMC-S
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
AUC HLR EIR VLR Back
 SSNC

LTG
STP GSN SSNC UMSC

LIC

MP-SA MP-AP MP-SLT MP-GTT LIC

TS-16-ss7
Messages

ASN (20/40)

SN

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Kentrox Router
PHU GSN
DSU/CSU Cisco-4500

SGSN GGSN
ISP
GPRS-R1

PHU GSN XP-140

(XP-140)

SGSN GGSN
ISP
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM GPRS-R2
Back
MFC(15)
NE(70) TAC-1 TAC-2
PSTN/PLMN
DCN
RAS TAC-3

CS

MFS

ADS AS FS-0 FS-1 PDC BDC CT(60)

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
OPR
Back
 For Alarms HP-Open view

For Users

CT(60) For Sys Admin

Contains
SC For Siemens Personnel
Applications

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 RF Channel Management

By
S.Sethu Raman
SDE, RGMTTC,Chennai-27

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 RF Channel Management
• Types of channels
• Types of interfaces
• Tutorial
• Back

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Types of channels
• 2 types
– Physical channel
– Logical channel
• 2 types
• Traffic channel
• Control or signalling channel

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Physical channel
• It is determined by the combination of RF
& the TS number

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Logical channel
• The time slot number in each RF
– TS0 to TS7

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Traffic channel
• One type of logical channel
• It will carry only voice or data most of the time
• Named as TCH
– Can be called as TCH/F or TCH/H due to
transmission rates
– TCH/F
• effective bit rate is 13Kbps for speech and 12/6/3.6Kbps for
data
– TCH/H
• effective bit rate is 6.5Kbps for speech and 6/3.6Kbps for
data
– TCH/F or TCH/H may carry signalling information like
call forwarding/SMS

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Control or signalling channel
• One type of logical channel
• Mostly used to carry
– Signalling information's
– Synchronization messages
– Network mgnt messages
– Chl mtce task
– Broadly divided into 3 categories based on
functions
• BCH
• CCCH
• DCCH or ACH

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 BCH
• Called as broadcast channel
• Pt to pt chl type
• Only defined for down link direction
• 4 types
• Used to provide
– Sufficient information of system configuration
parameter like LAC, CI & NCI, MNC etc to MS from
BTS-(called as BCCH)
– Frequency references of the system (BTS) to MS to
correct its frequency-(called as FCCH)
– To time synchronize MS with BTS-(called as SCH)
– Transmission of SMS to MS-(called as CBCH)

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 CCCH
• Called as common control channel
• Pt to pt chl type
• defined for down link or uplink direction
• 3 types
• Used to provide/get
– Access request by MS to BTS for traffic chl-(called as
RACH)
– Incoming alert messages to by BTS to MS- (called as
PCH)
– Information like chl allocation for trf, timing advance
for any trf chl by BTS to MS-(called as AGCH)

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 DCCH or ACH
• Called as Dedicated control channel
• Pt to pt chl type and full duplex
• defined for down link and uplink direction
• 3 types
• Used to provide/get

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 GSM Services

By
S.Sethu Raman
SDE, RGMTTC, Chennai-27

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 GSM Services
• GSM can offer the following services
– Bearer services
– Tele services
– Supplementary services
• Not standalone services
• Provisioning
• invoking
• Line identification services or number identification services
• Call offering services
• Call completion services
• Multiparty services
• Charging services
• Additional information transfer services
• Call restriction services

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Line identification services or
number identification services
• CLIP
• CLIR
• CLIRO
• COLP
• COLR
• COLRO

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Call offering services
• Call forwarding-unconditional
• Call forwarding-conditional
– During busy
– During not answering
– During unreachable
– During absent
• Call transfer
• Mobile access hunting

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Call completion services
• Call waiting
• Call holding-one call only
• Call busy auto

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Multiparty services
• MPTY
– 3 party
– Up to 5 party

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Charging services
• AOCI
• AOCC
– During the call
– At the end of the call
• Toll free call (FPH)
• Reverse charging (REVC)

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Additional information transfer
services
• UUS-T1

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Call restriction services
• Barring O/G calls
– All O/G calls (BAOC)
– Only international calls (BOIC)
– International calls except home PLMN (BOIC-
ExHC)
• Barring I/C calls
– All I/C calls (BAIC)
– Incoming calls except home PLMN (BIC-
ExHC)

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Tutorial-10
• MSC to SMSC is working in cct switching
mode.Is it true?

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Call processing

By
S.Sethu Raman
SDE, RGMTTC, Chennai-27

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Call processing
PSTN GSM
Internal

H/W S/W H/W S/W Handover

(1) Database (1) Equipment External

Exchange
(Static) Exchange Verification
Equipments
(2) Signal Equipments (2) Authentication
Messages (3) Database-Static Inter
-Request (4) Database-Dynamic
& Radio (5) Signal Messages Intra
Responses Equipments --Request &
(3) TAP Responses
-CCS7
Radio
-MAP
Channels
(6) GSMAP

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM TCH CCH

 Tutorial-10
• MSC to SMSC is working in cct switching
mode.Is it true?

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Tutorial-10
• MSC to SMSC is working in cct switching
mode.Is it true?

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Tutorial-10
• MSC to SMSC is working in cct switching
mode.Is it true?

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Tutorial-10
• MSC to SMSC is working in cct switching
mode.Is it true?

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Tutorial-10
• MSC to SMSC is working in cct switching
mode.Is it true?

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Tutorial-10
• MSC to SMSC is working in cct switching
mode.Is it true?

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Tutorial-10
• MSC to SMSC is working in cct switching
mode.Is it true?

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Tutorial-10
• MSC to SMSC is working in cct switching
mode.Is it true?

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Tutorial-10
• MSC to SMSC is working in cct switching
mode.Is it true?

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Tutorial-10
• MSC to SMSC is working in cct switching
mode.Is it true?

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Tutorial-10
• MSC to SMSC is working in cct switching
mode.Is it true?

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Tutorial-10
• MSC to SMSC is working in cct switching
mode.Is it true?

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Tutorial-10
• MSC to SMSC is working in cct switching
mode.Is it true?

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Tutorial-10
• MSC to SMSC is working in cct switching
mode.Is it true?

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
 Tutorial-10
• MSC to SMSC is working in cct switching
mode.Is it true?

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
Back
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 Thank
You

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 GSM Switch Aspects
• GSM Switch By EWSD
• GSM Switch By Nortel

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 GSM Switch By Nortel
• BSS
– BSC
– BTS
– TCU
– PCU

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 BSC
• The following functions are performed by the BSC:
• Radio call processing
• • Radio channel allocation (traffic and signaling)
• • Switching between Abis and Ater interfaces
• • Radio procedures management (handover, …).
• Radio resources management
• • Configuration of the TDMA
• • Radio channel operational state monitoring.
• OMC-R interface management
• • X.25 link management (BSC2G) or IP Connection (Bsce3)
• • Providing services requested by the OMC-R
• • BSS configuration updating
• • Software storage.

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 BSC
• BTS and TCU supervision
• • Software downloading
• • Fault Supervision
• • Configuration / re -configuration
• • Observations.
• Short Message Service - Cell Broadcast
management:
• • Broadcasts short messages defined on OMC-R
that are towards target cells.
• Traffic concentration (for reducing
transmission costs)
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 BTS
• The following functions are performed by the BTS:
• Management of Abis and Radio interfaces
• • Switching
• • Signaling Management (conversion and multiplexing)
• • Synchronization adaptation
• • Radio channel management
• Signal processing
• • Modulation, Equalization
• • Ciphering
• • Coding, Interleaving

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 BTS
• The following functions are performed by the BTS:
• RF management
• • Transmitting (with / without coupling)
• • Receiving (splitting, diversity reception)
• • Duplexing
• • Frequency Hopping
• Measurement pre-processing
• • Handover
• • Call clearing
• • Power control
• Alarm reporting
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 MSC Installation-EWSD
• EWSD Switch
– H/W
• Access unit or Access system
– Trunks
» From/to BSC
» From/to GMSC
» From/to PSTN/ISDN
» From/to IN
» From/to BLG Server
» From/to NIB
» From/to SMSC
» From/to VMSC
» From/To To any VAS

5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM
 BTS Block Diagram

Synchronizing Terrestrial
Clock interface

Static Switch

Site
Control GSM Control
GSM Call Software
Processing Radio Control
GSM Time Software
Slot RX/TX
Monitoring Modules
Control Processor
5/9/2018 3:39:14 PM