HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

Name:-GAURAV

Roll no:-RD40002B60

Section:-D4002(G-2)
 CONTANTS
 INTRODUCTION
 HISTORY
 THE BASIC IDEA
 HYDRAULIC PRINCIPLE
 FEATURES OF LIQUIDS
 STRUCTURE OF HYDRAULIC
 PASCAL’S LAW
 TYPES OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
 HYDRAULIC PUMPS AND BRAKES
ADVANTAGES
 DISADVANTAGES
 APLICATIONS
 REFRENCES
 INTRODUCTION
 hydraulics means study of fluids: the study of water
or other fluids at rest or in motion.

 Hydraulics is a means of power transmission.

 Hydraulics is a topic in applied science and

engineering dealing with the mechanical properties of
liquids.

 Fluid mechanics provides the theoretical foundation

for hydraulics, which focuses on the engineering uses
of fluid properties.
 HISTORY
1866: Hydraulic and Engineering Company Limited was founded by Frank
and John Towler.

 1931: Frank and John Towler formed Electraulic Presses Limited and then
later bought controlling interests in Leeds Hydraulic and Engineering.

 1974: Bradford Cylinders Limited was acquired to provide the inclusion of

our own cylinders in the total engineered systems we offer.

 1981: Acquired thie assets of Andrew Fraser & Company Limited; another
old established U.K. Hgh Pressure Hydraulics company with many years of
experience. .

 1985: Oilgear Towler formed when the Oilgear Company of Milwaukee,

USA acquired Towler Hydraulics
 THE BASIC IDEA
 The basic idea behind any hydraulic system is very
simple: Force that is applied at one point is transmitted
to another point using an incompressible fluid.

 The fluid is almost always an oil of some sort.

 HYDRAULIC PRINCIPLE

 A simple hydraulic system consists of hydraulic fluid,

pistons or rams, cylinders, accumulator or oil reservoir,
a complete working mechanism, and safety devices.
These systems are capable of remotely controlling a
wide variety of equipment by transmitting force,
carried by the hydraulic fluid, in a confined medium.
 FEATURES OF LIQUIDS

 Liquids will transmit pressure throughout the

liquid, regardless of the shape of the container.

 A force therefore can be applied wherever you

want it.

 The force can be multiplied according the the area

of the pistons used to push down on the water
 POWER OF FLUID
-Fluid power is the engineering science and technology
that deal with the generation of, control, and transmission of
energy through the use of pressurized fluids.

-Fluid power is quite literally the “brute force” behind industry

because it is used to push, pull, drive, and regulate virtually all
machines used in industry.
STRUCTURE OF HYDRAULIC
 PASCAL’S LAW

 Pascal's Law, framed by Blaise Pascal, states that

“Pressure applied to any part of a confined fluid
transmits to every other part with no loss. The pressure
acts with equal force on all equal areas of the confining
walls and perpendicular to the walls." This is the basic
principle for any hydraulic system.

 Pressure = Force/ Area.

TYPES OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS

Open Center

Closed Center

The control valve that regulates the flow from the pump
determines if system is open or closed.
 Closed Open
CenterCenter
Hydraulics
Flow in Neutral

Trapped Oil

12
 Close center

Pressure oil is routed to the piston

end. Oil from the rod end is
allowed to return to the reservoir.

Extend 13
 HYDRAULIC PUMP
 Hydraulic pumps supply fluid to the components in the system.
Pressure in the system develops in reaction to the load.

 Common types of hydraulic pumps are:-

 Gear pump:- cheap, durable, simple. Less efficient, because they are
constant displacement.

 Vane pump:- cheap and simple, reliable . Good for higher-flow low-
pressure output.

 Piston pump: many designed with a variable displacement

mechanism, to vary output flow for automatic control of pressure.
 Impeller Mechanism Pump
An impeller pump is used to move a liquid through a
piping system. Selecting the right impeller pump for a
specific application is usually based on the type of
fluid, flow rate, and operating conditions, such as
temperature and pressure.
 A diaphragm pump:-
The diaphragm is flexed, causing the volume of the
pump chamber to increase and decrease pressure.
PUMP’S ANIMATION
 HYDRAULIC BRAKE
 The diagram shows a simple
brake where a pedal will push
down on the smaller master
piston
 The force pushing down will
put the liquid under pressure
 The pressure is transmitted
through the liquid and against
the slave piston
 The pressure causes the slave
piston to exert a force where it
is needed
 ADVANTAGES
 Convenient power transfer
 Few moving parts
 Low losses over long distances
 Little wear
 Flexibility
 Distribute force in multiple directions
 Safe and reliable for many uses
 Can be stored under pressure for long periods
 Variable speed control
 Quick response.
 DISADVANTAGES

 Fire/explosive hazard if leaks.

 Filtration critical - must be free of debris

 Manpower intensive to clean up

 APLICATIONS
 1. Automobile garage
 2. Petrol pumps
 3. Measuring weights of heavy-lift trucks
 4. Hydraulic cranes
 5. Automobile steering gears
 6. Automobile brake, (disc brakes)
 8. Robotics
 10. Industries and power plants
 REFRENCES
 http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:IvN6bS-
YVcEJ:www.unm.edu/~nrotc/ns105/Lesson%252014%252
0-%2520Hydraulics.htm

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulics.htm

 http://science.howstuffworks.com/transprt/engines-
equipment/hydraulic1.htm

http://www.abctlc.com/courses/HYDRAULICS.pdf
 http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-impeller-pump.htm