Type Curves – Generation, Use, Etc

Dimensionless variables and

parameters
r  rwrD rch  rw rch  rw

rw2ct rw2ct rw2ct

t tD tch  tch 
k k 0.0002637k
Bq  Bq  Bq 
pi  p  pD pch  pch  141.2
2kh 2kh kh
tch
Cs  CchCD Cch  qB Cch 
qBt ch
pch 24 pch
s
Derivation of the Bourdet-Gringarten Type Curve Plotting Functions:
(Transient Radial Flow Case with Wellbore Storage and Skin Effects)
l Derivation of the "Earlougher-Kersch" relation for CDe2s
n Consider the transient radial flow relation
psD(tD) = 1 ln 4g tD + s
2 e
n Expand the skin factor term in an exponential-logarithmic form
s = 1 ln e 2s
2
n Substitute the skin factor relation, then multiply and divide the tD term by CD
t
pwD(tD) = 1 ln 4g D CD + 1 ln e 2s (change of notation: psD to pwD)
2 e CD 2
n Expand the CD multiplier term as a separate logarithm term
t
pwD(tD) = 1 ln 4g D + 1 ln CD + 1 ln e 2s
2 e CD 2 2
n Collect the CD and s logarithm terms to yield the "Earlougher-Kersch" result
t
pwD(tD) = 1 ln 4g D + 1 ln CDe 2s , therefore, pwD = f(tD/CD,CDe2s) only.
2 e CD 2
 Example
 = 0.05 k = 4.9 md ct =25x10-6 psia-1
h =100 ft rw =0.198 ft Bo=1.25 RB/ST
 =0.8 cp pi = 3000 psi qo =150 STB/D
Cs = 0.1 bbl/psi s=5

1. Calculate characteristic time and pressure

2. Calculate CDe2s
3. Calculate wellbore flowing pressure at
times 1 min, 1 hr, 1 day, 1 month,
assuming infinite acting reservoir
1. Characteristic time

2. Characteristic pressure

3. Characteristic wb.st. Cch

4. CDe2s
 t pwf psi

1 min

1 hr

1 day

1 month
 t tD tD/CD pD Dp, psi

1 min

1 hr

1 day

1 month
 Match Point Relations

Time Match Point Pressure Match Point

1  ct rw
2 t MP qB  Dp MP
= 141.2 =
0.0002637 k tD M P kh pwD M P

1 2 3
2s t MP pwD MP
CDe MP tD/CD MP D p MP
 Match
CDe 2 s MP t MP pwD MP
1. Match Curve
tD/CD MP D p MP
2. Match Point Time
3. Match Point
4. Permability: qB  pwD M P
k = 141.2
h Dp MP
5. Dimensionless Wellbore Storage Coefficient:
k t MP
CD = 0.0002637
 ct rw2 tD/CD M P
6. Skin Factor:
2s
1 ln CDe MP
s=
2 CD
 Example Type Curve Match: (Bourdet-Gringarten Type Curve)
Matching Parameter, CDe2s = ?
[tD/CD] MP =1 [D t] MP = ? hr
[pD] MP =1 [D p] MP = ? psi
Formation Permeability:

Dimensionless Wellbore Storage Coefficient:

Skin Factor:
 "Bourdet-Gringarten" type curve

 pwD and p'wD versus tD/CD

 Reservoir Model: Unfractured well in an
infinite-acting homogeneous reser-voir
(transient radial flow) with wellbore
storage and skin effects.
 Correlating Parameter: CDe2s
 Solution Parameter ("time" axis): CD
Drawdown
 "Stewart" type curve
 p'wD — versus tD/LD
 Reservoir Model: Well in an infinite-acting
homogeneous reservoir with sealing/non-
sealing boundaries (faults).
 Correlating Parameter: Fault positioning
(i.e., number/orientation of faults)
 Solution Parameter ("time" axis): L
(distance to a boundary)
 "Onur, et al" Type Curve

 pwD— vs. tDl/(1-w)

 Reservoir Model: Unfractured well in an
infinite-acting dual porosity reservoir
(naturally fractured system).
 Correlating Parameter: w (the
dimensionless fracture storativity)
 Solution Parameter (time axis): l (the
interporosity flow parameter)
 "Ramey-Barker" type curve
 pwD and p'wD versus tDxf
 Reservoir Model: Fractured well with an
infinite conductivity vertical fracture in an
infinite-acting homogeneous reservoir
(transient flow) with wellbore storage
effects, but NO skin effects.
 Correlating Parameter: CDf
 Solution Parameter (time axis): xf