SKELETAL SYSTEM

SKELETAL
SYSTEM
Compose of:
• Bones
• Cartilage
• Joints
• Ligament
• Accounts for 20% of body mass
SKELETON

Divided into:
1. Axial

2. Appendicular
SKELETON
1. Axial
• 80 bones
• 3 Major Region A
XI
a) Skull
AL
b) Vertebral column
c) Thoracic cage
Axial
1. Forms the longitudinal Axis of
the body
2. Supports the head, neck, trunk A
XI
3. Protects the brain, spinal cord
AL
& organ of the thorax
Axial

A
XI
AL
SKULL
 Body’s most complex bony structure
 Formed by cranial & facial bones
 Totaled with 22 bones A
 Cranial bones XI
 Protect the brain AL
 Attachment sites for head & neck
muscles
SKULL
 Facial bones
 Forms the framework for the face
 Contains cavities for special sense organs A
 Provide opening foe air & food passage XI
 Secure the teeth AL
 Anchor the facial muscles for expression
SKULL
 Sutures
 Held in place by interlocking joints
 Major skull sutures: A
XI
 Coronal
AL
 Sagittal
 Squamous
 lambdoid
SKULL
 cranium
 Divided into:
 Vault (calvaria) –superior, lateral & posterior
 Base – forms the inferior aspect
 3 distinct fossae (steps)

1. Anterior cranial fossae

2. Middle cranial fossae
3. Posterior cranial fossae
A
XI
AL
A
XI
AL
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
 Rigid supporting rod
 AKA spine or spinal column
 Consist of 26 irregular bones A
XI
 Extends from skull to pelvis
AL
 28 inches long
 VERTEBRAL COLUMN
5 Major regions
1. Cervical vertebrae – 7
2. Thoracic vertebrae – 12
3. Lumbar vertebrae – 5
4. Sacrum
5. coccyx
A
XI
AL
THORACIC CAGE
 bonythorax
T
 Elements:
H
 Thoracic vertebrae O
 Ribs R
 Sternum A
C
 Costal cartilages
RIB
 12 pairs
 True Ribs or
Vertebrosternal ribs – 1- 7
 False ribs or
Vertebrochondral ribs 8-
10 indirectly attached to
sternum
 11 & 12 vertebral ribs or
floating ribs
A
XI
AL
APPENDICULAR
SKELETON
 Boes of the limbs & their girdles A
PE
N
PECTORAL (shoulder) GIRDLE DI
 Clavicle -anterior C
U
 Scapula –posterior
LA
 Arm R
PELVIC (HIP) GIRDLE
 Attaches lower limb to axial skeleton A
PE
N
DI
C
U
LA
R
LOWER LIMB
 Bones are thicker A
 Three segments: PE
N
 Thigh
DI
 Leg C
 foot U
LA
R
LOWER LIMB
A
PE
N
DI
C
U
LA
R
LOWER LIMB
A
PE
N
DI
C
U
LA
R
LOWER LIMB
A
PE
N
DI
C
U
LA
R
Joints
 Weakest part of the skeleton
 Classified by STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
 STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION: JO
IN
 Fibrous TS
 Cartilaginous
 Synovial joints
Bursae & Tendon
Sheaths
 Bags of lubricant
 Acts as ball bearing
 To reduce friction JO
 Bursae IN
 Flattened
fibrous sacs lined with synovial TS
membrane & contains synovial fluid
 Tendon Sheath
 Elongatedbursa
 Wraps completely around a tendon