Countermeasures Taken

Based on the factor that caused the disaster, it can be concluded and those countermeasures taken are:

1. Design and operation of storage

sites (UKWIR, 1998).

2. Emergency response to incidents

(HSE,2011).

3. Advice to planning authorities

(UKWIR, 2011).
 Countermeasures Taken
1. Design and operation of storage sites.

 To ensure that liquid does not escape from the

vessels in which it is normally meant to be confined
(HSE,2011).

 This suggest that design and construction of tanks

and pipework that could be favorable to the
formation of flammable vapors should be
discouraged (The concrete society, 2010).

 Secondary and tertiary containment against

migration of large volumes of vapor re-emphasis that
more focus on preventing loss of primary
containment and should that occur inhibiting rapid
large-scale vaporization and any subsequent
dangerous migration of flammable vapor
(Walton,2014).
Countermeasures Taken
2. Emergency response to incidents.

 Operators of oil storage depots review their on site emergency plans and
adequacy of information to local authorities (The concrete society, 2008).

 Considered in both on site and off site emergency plans (HMG, 1999).

 Fire and Rescue Services and to the public monitoring activities, particularly
in early stages of major incidents (The concrete society, 2008).

 Establish frameworks and agreed working practices (Walton,2014.

 Countermeasures Taken
3. Advice to planning authorities.

 Location of sites with such major hazard

potential (HMG, 1984).

 Advice HSE provides to planning authorities

(HSE,1998).
 Reference
HMG (Her Majesty’s Government) (1984) Health and Safety. The Control of
Industrial Major Accident Hazards Regulations 1984. Her Majesty’s
Stationery Office, London, UK, Statutory Instrument 1984 No. 1902.

HMG (1999) Health and Safety. The Control of Major Accident Hazards
Regulations 1999. The Stationery Office, London, UK, Statutory
Instrument 1999 No. 743.

HSE (1998) The Storage of Flammable Liquids in Tanks. HSE Books,

Liverpool, UK, HSG 176. See http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/
hsg176.htm (accessed 04/08/2014).

HSE (2011) Prosecution Resulting from Buncefield Explosion. See http://

www.hse.gov.uk/news/buncefield/index.htm (accessed 04/08/2014).
Mason PA, Edwards PR and Amies HJ (1997) Design of Containment
Systems for the Prevention of Water Pollution from Industrial Incidents.
CIRIA, London, UK, R164.

The Concrete Society (2008) Assessment, Design and Repair of

Fire-damaged Concrete Structures. The Concrete Society, Camberley, UK,
TR 68.

The Concrete Society (2010) Non-structural Cracks in Concrete, 4th edn.

The Concrete Society, Camberley, UK, TR 22.

UKWIR (UK Water Industry Research) (1998) Civil Engineering Specification

for the Water Industry, 5th edn. UKWIR Ltd, London, UK.

UKWIR (UK Water Industry Research) (2011) Civil Engineering Specification

for the Water Industry, 7th edn. UKWIR Ltd, London, UK.

Walton ILW (2014) Containment Systems for the Prevention of Pollution –

Secondary, Tertiary and Other Measures for Industrial and Commercial
Premises. CIRIA, London, UK, C736.