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Rt = R1 + R2 + R3 +…
Rt = 15 Ω +10 Ω + 6 Ω
Rt = 31 Ω
10 V
I = V/Rt = 10 V/ 31 Ω = 0.32 A
Resistors in Series
Since charge has only one path to flow
through, the current that passes through
each resistor is the same.
The sum of all potential differences equals
the potential difference across the battery.
5V 3V 2V
10 V
Resistors in Parallel
When connected in parallel, the total
resistance (Rt) is equal to:
10 V
10 V
10 V
Calculate the total resistance in the
circuit below
3Ω 2Ω Rtot = 3 Ω + 2 Ω = 5 Ω
6Ω 4Ω Rtot = 6 Ω + 4 Ω = 10 Ω
Rtot = 3 1/3Ω
+ -
Bentuk kapasitor
Kapasitor bentuk keping sejajar
C = K0A / d
Kapasitas Kapasitor
A Bila luas masing2 keping A,
E
maka : Q
+ - E
0 0 A
+ -
+ -
+ -
Tegangan antara kedua
keping : Q.d
+q
d
-q V E.d
0 A
C KC0 karena K 0
Kapasitor akan berubah kapasitasnya bila :
K , A dan d diubah
Q Q Q Q
Vab ; Vbc ; Vcd ; Vad
C1 C2 C3 Cs
1 1 1 1
Cs C1 C2 C3
Q Q1 Q2 Q3
b. Hubungan Paralel
C p C1 C2 C3
Persamaannya :
W 12 CV 2 12 QV
KAPASITOR
Secara umum Kapasitor terdiri atas dua keping
Bahan dielektrik konduktor yang saling sejajar dan terpisah oleh
suatu bahan dielektrik ( dari bahan isolator) atau
ruang hampa.
V
+
V
+
Q
C
Q = nilai muatan listrik pada masing-
masing keping
V = beda potensial listrik antar keping
V ( volt)
C = kapasitas kapasitor (Farad = F )
Hal.: 31
Kapasitas kapasitor
Kapasitas kapasitor yang terdiri atas bahan dielektrik
Bahan dielektrik
εxA
C
d
ε ε o .K
Luas =A
K = tetapan dielektrik (untuk udara
atau ruang hampa K = 1 )
Hal.: 33
Rangkaian Kapasitor
Rangkaian seri
1. Kapasitas gabungan
Contoh kapasitor :
1 1 1 3 2
+Q -Q +Q -Q
Cg 2 3 6
Cg = 6/5 = 1,2 F
C1 = 2 F C2 = 3 F 2. Muatan listrik
pada rangkaian = 1,2 F x 6V
= 7,2 C
Pada kapasitor satu = 7,2 C
V = 6 volt Pada kasitor kedua = 7,2 C
+ 3. Tegangan liatrik
pada kapasitor satu = 3,6 V
Pada kapasitor dua = 2,4 V
Hal.: 34
Rangkaian Kapasitor
Rangkaian paralel 1. Tegangan pada kapasitor pertama (V1),
kapasitor kedua (V2) dan tegangan sumber
(V) masing-masing sama besar.
+Q1 -Q1 V1 = V 2 = V
2. Muatan listrik yang tersimpan pada
rangkaian memenuhi Q = Q 1 + Q2
3. Kapasitas gabungan kapasitor mmenuhi :
Cg = C1 + C2
+Q2 -Q2
V
+
Hal.: 35
Rangkaian Kapasitor
Rangkaian paralel 1. Tegangan pada kapasitor pertama (V1) dan
Contoh kapasitor kedua (V2) adalah
V1 = V2 = 6 volt
+Q1 -Q1 2. Kapasitas gabungan kapasitor adalah
Cg = C1 + C2 = 2F + 3F = 5F
3. Muatan listrik yang tersimpan pada
C1 = 2 F rangkaian memenuhi Q = Cg xV =
5F x 6V = 30C
Q1 = C1 x V = 2Fx6V = 12C
+Q2 -Q2 Q2 = C2 x V = 3Fx6V = 18C
C2 = 3 F
V =+ 6 volt
Q(Coulomb)
Nilai energi listrik yang
tersimpan pada kapasitor yang
bermuatan listrik Q = luas daerah
Dibawah garis grafik Q-V (yang
Q diarsir ).
1
V
V(volt) W QV
2
Isi dengan Judul Halaman
Hal.: 37 Terkait
Energi Listrik yang Tersimpan pada Kapasitor
Sebuah kapasitor yang memiliki kapasitas C dihubungkan dengan tegangan V.
1
W (CV)V
2
Karena Q = C.V, maka
C
1
W CV 2
2
V Keterangan :
+
Q = muatan listrik kapasitor ( Coulomb)
C = Kapasitas kapasitor ( farad)
V = tegangan listrik antar keping kapasitor ( Volt)
W = Energi listrik yang tersimpan pada kapasitor ( Joule )
http://bzupages.com/f231/energy-stored-inductor-uzma-noreen-group6-part2-1464/
Symbols
http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_1/chpt_15/1.html
Alternative Names for Inductors
Reactor- inductor in a power grid
Choke - designed to block a particular frequency while
allowing currents at lower frequencies or d.c. currents through
Commonly used in RF (radio frequency) circuitry
Coil - often coated with varnish and/or wrapped with
insulating tape to provide additional insulation and secure
them in place
A winding is a coil with taps (terminals).
Solenoid – a three dimensional coil.
Also used to denote an electromagnet where the magnetic field is
generated by current flowing through a toroidal inductor.
Energy Storage
The flow of current through an inductor creates a
magnetic field (right hand rule).
B field
di
vL L
dt
t1
1
iL vL dt
L to
Power and Energy
t1
pL vLiL LiL iL dt
to
t1 t1
diL
w L iL dt L iL diL
to
dt to
Inductors
Stores energy in an magnetic field created by the
electric current flowing through it.
Inductor opposes change in current flowing through
it.
Current through an inductor is continuous; voltage can be
discontinuous.
http://www.rfcafe.com/references/electrical/Electricity%20-
%20Basic%20Navy%20Training%20Courses/electricity%20-%20basic%20navy%20training%20courses%20-
Calculations of L
N A N r o A
2 2
L
N is the number of turns of wire
A is the cross-sectional area of the toroid in m2.
r is the relative permeability of the core material
o is the vacuum permeability (4π × 10-7 H/m)
l is the length of the wire used to wrap the toroid in meters
Wire
7
L ln 4 1 2 x10 H
d
vin v1 v2 v3 v4
di di
v1 L1 v2 L2
dt dt
i
di di
v3 L3 v4 L4
dt dt
di di di di
vin L1 L2 L3 L4
dt dt dt dt
di
vin Leq
dt
L eq L1 L2 L3 L4
Inductors in Parallel
Leq for Inductors in Parallel
iin i1 i2 i3 i4
t1 t1
1 1
i1
L1 vdt
to
i2
L2 vdt
to
t1 i t1
1 1
i3
L3 vdt
to
i4
L4 vdt
to
t1 t1 t1 t1
1 1 1 1
iin
L1 t vdt L2 t vdt L3 t vdt L4 vdt
to
o o o
t1
1
iin
Leq vdt
to
L eq 1 L1 1 L2 1 L3 1 L4
1
General Equations for Leq
Series Combination Parallel Combination
If S inductors are in series, If P inductors are in parallel,
then then:
1
S P 1
Leq Ls Leq
s 1 p 1 L p
Summary
Inductors are energy storage devices.
An ideal inductor act like a short circuit at steady state
when a DC voltage or current has been applied.
The current through an inductor must be a continuous
function; the voltage across an inductor can be
discontinuous.
The equation for equivalent inductance for
inductors in series inductors in parallel
1
S P
1
Leq Ls Leq
s 1 p 1 L p